Patwa
Patois jamaicano
Criollo de base inglesa
El patois jamaicano (patwa, criollo jamaicano) lo hablan unos 3 millones de personas en Jamaica y más de un millón en la diáspora del Reino Unido, Estados Unidos y Canadá. Es un criollo de base léxica inglesa con un sustrato africano occidental considerable (acano, igbo), nacido en las plantaciones azucareras jamaicanas de los siglos XVII a XIX; las comunidades cimarronas conservaron hasta el siglo XX variedades marcadas por el acano (Trelawny Town, Accompong). Se dio a conocer en el mundo por el reggae (Bob Marley), el dancehall, la cultura rastafari y la literatura jamaicana (Louise Bennett-Coverley). La ortografía Cassidy-JLU (1961, revisada en 2003) le da una grafía latina fonémica distinta del inglés. Protegido de la discriminación por vía constitucional desde 2002, no es sin embargo oficial: el inglés sigue siendo la única lengua oficial.
Dónde se habla
87 palabras esenciales en patois jamaicano
Fuentes
Palabras comparadas
Comparación con otras lenguas de la misma clasificación: Criollo de base inglesa
| Significado | Patois jamaicano | Criollo beliceño | Criollo bahameño | Inglés nigeriano | Krio | Inglés jamaicano | Pidgin nigeriano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agua | waata /waːta/ | waata /waːta/ | watah /wɑːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | wata /ˈwata/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | wọtá /wɔta/ |
| Fuego | faiya /faija/ | faiya /faija/ | fyah /fajə/ | fire /faɪə/ | faya /ˈfaja/ | fire /faɪə/ | faya /faja/ |
| Sol | son /sɔn/ | son /son/ | son /sɔn/ | sun /sɔn/ | san /san/ | sun /sɵn/ | sọn /sɔn/ |
| Luna | muun /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | mun /mun/ | moon /muːn/ | mun /mun/ |
| Estrella | staar /staː/ | staar /staːr/ | star /stɑː/ | star /staː/ | sta /sta/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Noche | nait /nait/ | nait /nait/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | nɛt /nɛt/ | night /naɪt/ | nait /nait/ |
| Lluvia | rien /rien/ | rayn /reːn/ | rain /reɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | ren /rɛn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /reːn/ |
| Nieve | sunuo /sunuo/ | snoa /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ | sno /sno/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /sno/ |
| Viento | briiz /briːz/ | breez /briːz/ | wind /wɪn/ | wind /wɪnd/ | briz /briz/ | wind /wɪnd/ | win /win/ |
| Tierra | grong /ɡrɔŋ/ | grong /ɡroŋ/ | — | earth /ɜːt/ | gron /ɡrɔn/ | earth /ɜːt/ | graun /ɡraʊn/ |
| Piedra | stuon /stuon/ | stoan /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | ston /stɔn/ | stone /stoːn/ | ston /ston/ |
| Montaña | mountn /mountn/ | mongtin /moŋtin/ | — | mountain /ˈmaʊntɛn/ | mawnten /ˈmawnten/ | mountain /ˈmɵʊntn̩/ | mountin /maʊntin/ |
| Mar | sii /siː/ | see /siː/ | — | sea /siː/ | si /si/ | sea /siː/ | sea /si/ |
| Madre | mada /mada/ | mada /mada/ | mama /mama/ | mother /ˈmɔðə/ | mama /ˈmama/ | mother /ˈmɵðə/ | mama /mama/ |
| Padre | faada /faːda/ | faada /faːda/ | daddy /dadi/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | papa /ˈpapa/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | papa /papa/ |
| Hija | daata /daːta/ | daata /daːta/ | daughter /dɑːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | gyal pikin /ɡjal pikin/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | girl pikin /ɡɛl pikin/ |
| Yo | mi /mi/ | ai /ai/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | mi /mi/ | I /aɪ/ | A /a/ |
| Tú | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /ju/ | yu /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /ju/ |
| Nosotros | wi /wi/ | wi /wi/ | we /wiː/ | we /wi/ | wi /wi/ | we /wiː/ | wi /wi/ |
| Nombre | niem /niem/ | naym /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /nem/ | nem /nɛm/ | name /neːm/ | nem /nɛm/ |
| Persona | sumadi /sumadi/ | persn /persn̩/ | — | person /ˈpɜːsɔn/ | pɔsin /pɔsin/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | pesin /pɛsin/ |
| Cabeza | ed /ɛd/ | hed /hed/ | — | head /hɛd/ | ed /ed/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Ojo | yai /jai/ | aiy /aij/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | ay /aj/ | eye /aɪ/ | ai /aɪ/ |
| Oreja | iez /iez/ | ayz /eːz/ | ear /ɛə/ | ear /ia/ | yes /jes/ | ear /iːa/ | ear /ia/ |
| Nariz | nuoz /nuoz/ | noaz /noːz/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noːs/ | nos /nɔs/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noːs/ |
| Boca | mout /mout/ | mowt /mout/ | — | mouth /maʊt/ | mɔt /mɔt/ | — | mout /maʊt/ |
| Diente | tiit /tiːt/ | teet /tiːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tit /tit/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tit /tit/ |
| Lengua | tong /tɔŋ/ | tong /toŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tɔŋ /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tɵŋ/ | tong /tɔŋ/ |
| Mano | an /an/ | han /han/ | han /han/ | hand /hænd/ | an /an/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Pie | fut /fʊt/ | fut /fut/ | — | foot /fʊt/ | fut /fut/ | foot /fʊt/ | leg /lɛɡ/ |
| Corazón | aat /aːt/ | haat /haːt/ | hart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | at /at/ | heart /haːt/ | hat /hat/ |
| Hueso | buon /buon/ | boan /boːn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /bon/ | bon /bɔn/ | bone /boːn/ | bón /bɔn/ |
| Sangre | blod /blɔd/ | blod /blod/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɔd/ | blɔd /blɔd/ | blood /blɵd/ | blod /blɔd/ |
| Caca | kaka /kaka/ | — | — | poop /puːp/ | kaka /kaˈka/ | poo /puː/ | shit /ʃit/ |
| Amor | lov /lɔv/ | lov /lov/ | love /lɔv/ | love /lɔv/ | lɛk /lɛk/ | love /lɵv/ | lọv /lɔv/ |
| Árbol | chrii /tʃɹiː/ | chree /tʃriː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tik /tik/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tri /tɾi/ |
| Perro | daag /daːɡ/ | daag /daːɡ/ | dawg /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dɔg /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dọg /dɔɡ/ |
| Gato | puss /pʊs/ | kyat /kjat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæt/ | pus /pus/ | cat /kʰat ~ kjaːt/ | pus /pus/ |
| Pez | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fiʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fis /fis/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fiʃ/ |
| Pájaro | bod /bɔd/ | berd /berd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bɔd /bɔd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɛd/ |
| Mariposa | botaflai /bɔtaflai/ | botaflai /botaflai/ | — | butterfly /ˈbɔtəflaɪ/ | bɔtaflay /bɔtaflaj/ | butterfly /ˈbɵtəflaɪ/ | — |
| Huevo | eg /ɛɡ/ | eg /eɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | eg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Oso | bier /bier/ | byaa /bjaː/ | — | bear /bɛə/ | bia /ˈbia/ | bear /beːɹ/ | bear /bɛ/ |
| Caballo | aas /aːs/ | haas /haːs/ | — | horse /hɔːs/ | ɔs /ɔs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔs/ |
| Casa | ous /ous/ | hows /hous/ | house /haus/ | house /haʊs/ | os /os/ | house /hɵʊs/ | haus /haʊs/ |
| Leche | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /milk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /milk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /milk/ |
| Miel | oni /ɔni/ | honi /honi/ | — | honey /ˈhɔni/ | ɔni /ˈɔni/ | honey /ˈhɵni/ | honey /hɔni/ |
| Sal | saalt /saːlt/ | saalt /saːlt/ | salt /sɑːlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | sɔl /sɔl/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ |
| Vino | wain /wain/ | wain /wain/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wayn /wain/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Arroz | rais /rais/ | rais /rais/ | — | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rɛs /rɛs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rais /rais/ |
| Chocolate | chaklit /tʃaklɪt/ | chaaklit /tʃaːklit/ | — | — | chɔklet | — | chocolate |
| Hierro | aiyan /aijan/ | aiyan /aijan/ | — | iron /ˈaɪən/ | ayɛn /ˈajɛn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /aiɔn/ |
| Rueda | wiil /wiːl/ | weel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wil /wil/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wil /wil/ |
| Seda | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /silk/ | — | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /silk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /silk/ |
| Libro | buk /bʊk/ | buk /buk/ | — | book /bʊk/ | buk /buk/ | book /bʊk/ | buk /buk/ |
| Comer | nyam /ɲam/ | eet /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | it /it/ | eat /iːt/ | chọp /tʃɔp/ |
| Beber | jringk /dʒrɪŋk/ | jrink /dʒriŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /driŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɾiŋk/ |
| Dormir | sliip /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sliip /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | slip /slip/ | sleep /sliːp/ | slip /slip/ |
| Uno | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | one /wan/ | one /wɔn/ | wan /wan/ | one /wɵn/ | wan /wan/ |
| Dos | tuu /tuː/ | too /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tu/ | tu /tu/ | two /tuː/ | tu /tu/ |
| Tres | chrii /tʃɹiː/ | chree /tʃriː/ | three /tɹiː/ | three /tɹi/ | tri /tri/ | three /tɹiː/ | tri /tri/ |
| Cuatro | fuo /fuo/ | foa /foː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | fo /fo/ | four /foː/ | fo /fɔ/ |
| Cinco | faiv /faiv/ | faiv /faiv/ | faiv /faiv/ | five /faɪv/ | fayv /faiv/ | five /faɪv/ | faiv /faiv/ |
| Cien | onjrid /ɔndʒrɪd/ | honjrid /hondʒrid/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɔndɹɛd/ | ɔndrɛd /ˈɔndrɛd/ | hundred /ˈhɵndɹɛd/ | hundred /hɔndrɛd/ |
| Hola | wah gwaan /wa ɡwaːn/ | heloa /heloː/ | wuhz hapnin /wʊz hapnɪn/ | hello /həˈloː/ | kushɛ /kuˈʃɛ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | how far /haʊ faː/ |
| Gracias | tanks /taŋks/ | tanks /taŋks/ | tank ya /taŋk jə/ | thanks /taŋks/ | tɛnki /ˈtɛŋki/ | thank you /taŋk juː/ | tenki /tɛnki/ |
| Bueno | gud /ɡʊd/ | gud /ɡud/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | gud /ɡud/ | good /ɡʊd/ | fain /faɪn/ |
| Nuevo | nyuu /ɲuː/ | nyoo /njuː/ | — | new /njuː/ | nyu /nju/ | new /njuː/ | new /nju/ |
| Rojo | red /ɹɛd/ | red /red/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | rɛd /rɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /rɛd/ |
| Blanco | wait /wait/ | wait /wait/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | wayt /wajt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Negro | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ | blak /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Verde | griin /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡriːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | grin /ɡrin/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡrin/ |
| Azul | blu /blu/ | bloo /bluː/ | — | blue /bluː/ | blu /blu/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blu/ |
| Computadora | kompyuuta /kɔmpjuːta/ | kompyoota /kompjuːta/ | — | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | kɔmpyuta /kɔmpjuta/ | computer /komˈpjuːta/ | kọmputa /kɔmpútà/ |
| Té | tii /tiː/ | tee /tiː/ | — | tea /tiː/ | ti /ti/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /ti/ |
| Café | kaafi /kaːfi/ | kaafi /kaːfi/ | — | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | kɔfi /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /kɔfi/ |
| Azúcar | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | shuga /ˈʃuɡa/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | — |
| Naranja | arinj /arɪndʒ/ | — | — | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | oranj /ɔˈrandʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orenj /ɔˈrɛndʒ/ |
| 99 | nainti-nain /nainti nain/ | nainti-nain /nainti nain/ | — | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | naynti-nayn /nainti nain/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninty-nine /nainti nain/ |
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