Schweizer Hochdeutsch
Tedesco standard svizzero
Germanica
Il tedesco standard svizzero (Schweizer Hochdeutsch) è lo standard scritto formale del tedesco usato nella Svizzera tedescofona (~5 mln di persone) — distinto dal dialetto alemanno (svizzero tedesco, gsw) del parlato quotidiano. Una delle tre varietà standard nazionali del tedesco, omette la lettera ß (scrivendo ss), è più monottongale, ha una r tipicamente alveolare o uvulare e presenta prestiti dal francese/italiano (Velo 'bicicletta', Billett 'biglietto').
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in tedesco standard svizzero
Fonti
- en.wiktionary German lemmas; Duden Aussprachewörterbuch / Ammon et al. 2004, Variantenwörterbuch des Deutschen (Swiss Standard variants: -ig [ɪk], Kaffee, ss for ß) — general references, not consulted this round; Hove, Ingrid 2002, Die Aussprache der Standardsprache in der deutschen Schweiz (voiceless s, r)
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Germanica
| Significato | Tedesco standard svizzero | Tedesco dell'epoca di Lutero | Tedesco austriaco | Tedesco lussemburghese | Tedesco | Francone orientale | Tedesco di Pennsylvania |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /ˈvasːər/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasːə/ | Wasser /vasər/ |
| Fuoco | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Fewr /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feier /faɪɐ/ | Feier /faɪər/ |
| Sole | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sonne /ˈzɔnə/ | Sonne /sɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sunn /sʊn/ |
| Luna | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Maa /maː/ | Muun /muːn/ |
| Stella | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Schtann /ʃtan/ |
| Notte | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Pioggia | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | — | Regge /ˈrɛɡə/ |
| Neve | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ |
| Terra | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erd /ɛɐd/ | Erd /ɛrt/ |
| Pietra | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | — | Schtee /ʃteː/ |
| Montagna | Berg /bɛrk/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | Berg /bɛɐk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | — | Barig /ˈbarɪç/ |
| Mare | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | — | See /seː/ |
| Madre | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ | Mudder /mʊdər/ |
| Padre | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vater /ˈfaːtɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Daadi /daːdi/ |
| Figlia | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /tɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ | Dochder /dɔxdər/ |
| Io | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| Tu | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ | du /du/ |
| Noi | wir /viːr/ | wir /viːr/ | wir /viːɐ/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | mir /miɐ/ | mir /miːɐ̯/ |
| Nome | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ | Naame /ˈnɔːmə/ |
| Persona | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | — | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ |
| Testa | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Heubt /hɔɪ̯pt/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | — | Kopp /kɔp/ |
| Occhio | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Aug /aʊk/ | Auge /ˈaʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Aach /aːx/ | Aag /ɔːk/ |
| Orecchio | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːr/ |
| Naso | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | — | Naas /nɔːs/ |
| Bocca | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | — | Maul /maʊl/ |
| Dente | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zaah /tsɔː/ |
| Lingua | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ |
| Mano | Hand /hant/ | Handt /hant/ | Hand /hɑnt/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hant/ |
| Piede | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fus /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuuss /fuːs/ |
| Cuore | Herz /hɛrts/ | Hertz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Hatz /hats/ |
| Osso | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Bein /baɪn/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ | Gnoche /ˈɡnoxə/ |
| Sangue | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːd/ | Blut /blut/ |
| Cacca | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Dreck /drɛk/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | — | — /—/ |
| Amore | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | liewe /liːvə/ |
| Albero | Baum /baʊm/ | Bawm /baʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Bauma /baʊmaː/ | Baam /ˈbɔːm/ |
| Cane | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Gatto | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katze /kɑtsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katz /kats/ | Katz /kats/ |
| Pesce | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Voggel /fɔɡəl/ |
| Farfalla | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ | Pfeifholter /ˈpfaɪfhɔltər/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ʃmɛdɐliŋ/ | Fleddermaus /ˈflɛdərmaʊs/ |
| Uovo | Ei /aɪ/ | Ey /aɪ̯/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | — | Oi /ɔɪ/ |
| Orso | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | — | Baer /bɛːr/ |
| Cavallo | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | — | Gaul /ɡaʊ̯l/ |
| Casa | Haus /haʊs/ | Hauß /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ |
| Latte | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | — | Millich /ˈmɪlɪç/ |
| Miele | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | — | Hunnich /ˈhʊnɪç/ |
| Sale | Salz /salts/ | Saltz /zalts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ | — | Salz /salts/ |
| Vino | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | — | Wei /vaɪ/ |
| Riso | Reis /raɪs/ | Reis /raɪs/ | Reis /raɪ̯s/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ | — | Reis /raɪs/ |
| Cioccolato | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | — | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | — | — |
| Ferro | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eisen /ˈaɪzən/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eise /ˈaɪsə/ |
| Ruota | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | — | Raad /rɔːt/ |
| Seta | Seide /ˈsaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈsaɪ̯də/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | — | — /—/ |
| Libro | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | — | Buch /bux/ |
| Mangiare | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | essen /ˈɛsːən/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ | esse /ɛsə/ |
| Bere | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trincken /ˈtrɪŋkən/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ |
| Dormire | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlaffen /ˈʃlafən/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ |
| Uno | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eyn /aɪ̯n/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | ans /ans/ | eens /eːns/ |
| Due | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwey /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvai/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwaa /tsvaː/ | zwee /tsveː/ |
| Tre | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ |
| Quattro | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiɐ/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ |
| Cinque | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünff /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fimf /fɪmf/ |
| Cento | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | — | hunnert /ˈhʊnərt/ |
| Ciao | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Gott zum Gruß /ɡɔt tsʊm ɡruːs/ | Servus /zɛɐvʊs/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ | Hallo /haloː/ |
| Grazie | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | Danck /daŋk/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | Denki /dɛŋki/ |
| Buono | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| Nuovo | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | new /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | — | nei /naɪ/ |
| Rosso | rot /roːt/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rood /roːd/ | rot /rot/ |
| Bianco | weiss /vaɪs/ | weis /vaɪ̯s/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ |
| Nero | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwartz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | — | schwatz /ʃvats/ |
| Verde | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | — | grie /ɡriː/ |
| Blu | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | — | bloh /bloː/ |
| Cuculo | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | gukuk /ˈɡʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Gutzgauch /ˈɡʊtsɡaʊx/ | — |
| Bau bau | wau wau /vaʊ vaʊ/ | — | wau wau /vaʊ vaʊ/ | wau wau /vaʊ vaʊ/ | wau wau /vaʊ vaʊ/ | — | — |
| Chicchirichì | kikeriki /kikəriˈkiː/ | — | kikeriki /kikəriˈkiː/ | kikeriki /kikəʁiˈkiː/ | kikeriki /kikəʁiˈkiː/ | — | — |
| Computer | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Rechenmeister /ˈrɛçənˌmaɪstər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːdɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ |
| Sushi | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Stockfisch /ˈʃtɔkfɪʃ/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — |
| Tè | Tee /teː/ | — | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | — | Tee /teː/ |
| Caffè | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | — | Kaffee /kaˈfeː/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | Kaffee /ˈkafeː/ | — | Kaffi /ˈkafi/ |
| Zucchero | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | — | Zucker /tsʊkər/ |
| Arancia | Orange /oˈraŋʒə/ | Pomeranze /pɔməˈrantsə/ | Orange /oˈraːnʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | — | Arrentsch /ˈarəntʃ/ |
| 99 | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔɪ̯nʊntˌnɔɪ̯ntsɪk/ | — | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏ̯nʊntˌnɔʏ̯ntsɪk/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ | — | nein un neinzich /naɪn ʊn naɪntsɪç/ |
| Dopamina | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | — | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | — | — |
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