Seediq Truku
Truku/seediq
Austronesiana (Atayalic)
Il truku e il seediq sono strettamente imparentati (spesso considerati dialetti di un'unica lingua) e sono stati separati politicamente/ufficialmente dall'atayal nel 2008 (truku) e nel 2017 (seediq). Parlati a Hualien (truku) e Nantou (seediq), i loro parlanti abitavano storicamente l'area della gola di Taroko. Ramo atayalico dell'austronesiano formosano, con una ricca morfologia verbale che include la voce di focalizzazione (focus voice). Circa 30.000 parlanti.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in truku/seediq
patas samaw
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Austronesiana (Atayalic)
| Significato | Truku/seediq | Atayal | Pazeh | Malese antico | Sakizaya | Bunun | Thao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | qsiya /qsija/ | qsyaʼ /qsijaʔ/ | dalum /dalum/ | air /air/ | nanum /nanum/ | danum /danum/ | sazum /saðum/ |
| Fuoco | puniq /puniq/ | puniq /puniq/ | hapuy /hapuj/ | api /api/ | lamal /lamal/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | apuy /apuj/ |
| Sole | hidaw /hidaw/ | wagiʼ /waɡiʔ/ | rizax /ɾizax/ | matari /matari/ | cidal /tʃidal/ | vali /vali/ | fitulha /fituʎa/ |
| Luna | idas /idas/ | byacing /bjatʃiŋ/ | ilas /ilas/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulad /bulad/ | buan /buan/ | furaz /fuɾað/ |
| Stella | pngrah /pŋəɾah/ | bingah /biŋah/ | mintol /mintol/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | boʼis /boʔis/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | fituʼish /fituʔiʃ/ |
| Notte | keeman /kəman/ | mlhngan /mlhŋan/ | xinian /xinian/ | malam /malam/ | labiʼ /labiʔ/ | labian /labian/ | tanlhuan /tanɬuan/ |
| Pioggia | quyux /qujux/ | qwalax /qwalax/ | udan /udan/ | — | ʼudad /ʔuðað/ | qudan /qudan/ | qusaz /qusað/ |
| Neve | huda /huda/ | hlaqiy /hlaqij/ | hahela /hahela/ | — | sulda /sulda/ | paav /paav/ | ulhza /uɬða/ |
| Vento | bgihur /bɡihuɾ/ | behuy /bəhuj/ | bari /baɾi/ | — | baliʼ /baliʔ/ | luvluv /luvluv/ | fari /faɾi/ |
| Terra | dxgal /dəxɡal/ | rhzyal /rhzjal/ | daxe /daxəʔ/ | — | lalaʼ /ɾaɾaʔ/ | dalah /dalah/ | pruq /pruq/ |
| Pietra | btunux /btunux/ | btunux /btunux/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | baʼtu /baʔtu/ | batu /batu/ | fatu /fatu/ |
| Montagna | dgiyaq /dɡijaq/ | rgyax /rɣjax/ | — | — | buyuʼ /bujuʔ/ | ludun /ludun/ | huzun /huðun/ |
| Mare | gsilung /ɡsiluŋ/ | bsilung /bsiluŋ/ | awas /awas/ | — | bayu /baju/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | wazakan /waðakan/ |
| Madre | bubu /bubu/ | yayaʼ /jajaʔ/ | ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | ina /ina/ | tina /tina/ | ina /ina/ |
| Padre | tama /tama/ | yabaʼ /jabaʔ/ | aba /aba/ | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ | ama /ama/ |
| Figlia | wauwa /wauwa/ | laqi kneril /laqi knəril/ | — | — | tatayna a wawa /tatajna a wawa/ | uvaazpingaz /uvaazpiŋaz/ | — |
| Io | yaku /jaku/ | kuzing /kuziŋ/ | yaku /jaku/ | aku /aku/ | zaku /ʐaku/ | saikin /saikin/ | yaku /jaku/ |
| Tu | isu /ʔisu/ | isuʼ /ʔisuʔ/ | isiu /isiu/ | kamu /kamu/ | kisu /kisu/ | suu /suʔu/ | ihu /ʔihu/ |
| Noi | ita / yami /ʔita / jami/ | itaʼ / sami /itaʔ / sami/ | ita / yami /ita / jami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | ita / yamin /ʔita / jamin/ |
| Nome | hangan /haŋan/ | laluʼ /laluʔ/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngangan /ŋaŋan/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | tanan /tanan/ |
| Persona | seediq /sədiq/ | squliq /squliq/ | saw /saw/ | — | tademaw /tadəmaw/ | bunun /bunun/ | caw /θaw/ |
| Testa | tunux /tunux/ | tunux /tunux/ | punu /punu/ | — | tangah /taŋah/ | bungu /buŋu/ | punuq /punuq/ |
| Occhio | dowriq /dowɾiq/ | roziq /roziq/ | daurik /dauɾik/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | maca /maθa/ |
| Orecchio | birat /biɾat/ | papak /paˈpak/ | sainga /saiŋa/ | — | tangilaʼ /taŋilaʔ/ | tainga /taiŋa/ | lharina /ɬarina/ |
| Naso | muhing /muhiŋ/ | nguhuw /ŋuhuw/ | muzing /muziŋ/ | — | cihek /tsihək/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ | muzin /muðin/ |
| Bocca | quwaq /quwaq/ | nqwaq /nqwaq/ | ahan /ahan/ | — | laway /lawaj/ | ngulus /ŋulus/ | ruzic /ɺuðiθ/ |
| Dente | rupun /ɾupun/ | gʼnux /ɡʔnux/ | lepeng /ləpəŋ/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ngipən /ŋipən/ | nipun /nipun/ | nipin /nipin/ |
| Lingua | hema /həma/ | hmaʼ /hmaʔ/ | dahama /dahama/ | lidah /lidah/ | səmaʼ /səmaʔ/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | zama /ðama/ |
| Mano | baga /baɡa/ | qbaʼ /qbaʔ/ | rima /ɾima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | kamay /kamai/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Piede | papak /papak/ | kakay /kakaj/ | karaw /kaɾaw/ | — | — | bantas /bantas/ | kuskus /kuskus/ |
| Cuore | lnglungan /lŋluŋan/ | nyux /njux/ | baga /baɡa/ | hati /hati/ | gawang /ɡawaŋ/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | putul /putul/ |
| Osso | but /but/ | baqniʼ /baqniʔ/ | bul /bul/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | ʼukak /ʔukak/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | puʼu /puʔu/ |
| Sangue | dara /daɾa/ | ramuʼ /ramuʔ/ | damu /damu/ | darah /darah/ | ʼidang /ʔidaŋ/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ | talhum /taɬum/ |
| Cacca | quti /quti/ | quciʼ /qutsiʔ/ | — | — | taiʼ /taiʔ/ | taki /taki/ | caqi /θaqi/ |
| Amore | gmalu /ɡmalu/ | kmalu inlungan /kmalu inluŋan/ | — /—/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | maolah /maolah/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | madaidaz /madaiðað/ |
| Albero | qhuni /qhuni/ | qhuniq /qhuniq/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | kayu /kaju/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kahu /kahu/ | lhalum /ʎalum/ |
| Cane | huling /huliŋ/ | huzil /huzil/ | wazu /wazu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | waco /watʃo/ | asu /asu/ | atu /atu/ |
| Gatto | ngiyaw /ŋijaw/ | ngiyaw /ŋijaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | posi /posi/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | posi /posi/ |
| Pesce | qsurux /qsuɾux/ | qulih /quliç/ | alaw /alaw/ | ikan /ikan/ | buting /butiŋ/ | iskan /iskan/ | rusaw /ɾusaw/ |
| Uccello | qbhni /qbhəni/ | qbhniq /qbhniq/ | ayam /ajam/ | burung /buruŋ/ | ayam /ajam/ | hazam /hazam/ | rumfaz /ɾumfað/ |
| Farfalla | klaway /klawaj/ | kperay /kpəraj/ | — | — | adipapang /adipapaŋ/ | balikuan /balikuan/ | kurari /kuɾaɾi/ |
| Uovo | balung /baluŋ/ | bazing /baziŋ/ | batu pataru /batu pataɾu/ | — | tiʼkuk /tiʔkuk/ | lububunun /lububunun/ | qaricuy /qaɾiθuj/ |
| Orso | sumay /sumaj/ | ngarux /ŋarux/ | — | — | tumay /tumai/ | tumaz /tumað/ | cumay /θumai/ |
| Cavallo | dmay /dmaj/ | rmeʼ /rməʔ/ | gamay /ɡamaj/ | — | kabayu /kabaju/ | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | tishmamraw /tiʃmamɾaw/ |
| Casa | sapah /sapah/ | ngasal /ŋasal/ | xuma /xuma/ | rumah /rumah/ | luma /luma/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | kayan /kajan/ |
| Latte | nunuh /nunuh/ | mirukuʼ /mirukuʔ/ | nunuh /nunuh/ | susu /susu/ | hacul /hatsul/ | susu /susu/ | — |
| Miele | beyuq /bejuq/ | buq na hzing /buq na hziŋ/ | — | — | waneng nu wadu /wanəŋ nu wadu/ | vanu /vanu/ | fulhia wa madahun /fuɬia wa madahun/ |
| Sale | cimu /tsimu/ | cimuʼ /tsimuʔ/ | pahah /pahah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | cikah /tsikah/ | hasila /hasila/ | qtilha /qtiɬa/ |
| Vino | sinaw /sinaw/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Riso | buwax payay /buwax pajaj/ | bwax /bwax/ | — | — | belac /bəlats/ | cilas /tsilas/ | — |
| Ferro | xiluy /xiluj/ | baliq /baliq/ | — | — | mukin /mukin/ | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | balis /balis/ |
| Ruota | ribaw /ɾibaw/ | hbangan /hbaŋan/ | — | — | bihel /bihel/ | tauntaun /tauntaun/ | — |
| Libro | patis /patis/ | biruʼ /biruʔ/ | babizu /babizu/ | — | cudad /tsudad/ | patasan /patasan/ | patashan /pataʃan/ |
| Mangiare | meekan /meekan/ | maniq /maniq/ | mekan /məkan/ | makan /makan/ | hekal /hekal/ | maun /maun/ | kuman /kuman/ |
| Bere | mimah /mimah/ | mnbuw /mnbuw/ | mimaazip /mimaːzip/ | minum /minum/ | mihecak /mihetʃak/ | muqun /muqun/ | naqayan /naqajan/ |
| Dormire | mtaqi /mtaqi/ | mʼabiʼ /mʔabiʔ/ | masuaw /masuaw/ | tidur /tidur/ | mabiʼ /mabiʔ/ | masabah /masabah/ | malhus /maɬus/ |
| Uno | kingal /kiŋal/ | qutux /qutux/ | adang /adaŋ/ | sa /sa/ | cacay /tʃatʃai/ | tasa /tasa/ | tata /tata/ |
| Due | dha /daha/ | sazing /saziŋ/ | dusa /dusa/ | dua /dua/ | tusa /tusa/ | dusa /dusa/ | tusha /tuʃa/ |
| Tre | teru /təɾu/ | cyugal /tsjuɡal/ | turu /tuɾu/ | tlu /tlu/ | tulu /tulu/ | tau /tau/ | turu /tuɾu/ |
| Quattro | sepac /səpats/ | payat /pajat/ | supat /supat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | sepat /səpat/ | paat /paːt/ | shpat /ʃpat/ |
| Cinque | rima /ɾima/ | magal /maɣal/ | xasep /xasəp/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | hima /hima/ | rima /rima/ |
| Cento | kbekuy /kbəkuj/ | kbhul /kβhul/ | haten /hatən/ | ratus /ratus/ | lasubu /lasubu/ | saba /saba/ | shaba /ʃaba/ |
| Ciao | embiyax /əmbijax/ | lokah /lokah/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | marayas /maɾajas/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | ya /ja/ |
| Grazie | mhuway /mhuwaj/ | mhuway /mhuwaj/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | lalumahan /lalumahan/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | mihu /mihu/ |
| Buono | malu /malu/ | blaq /blaq/ | — /—/ | baik /baik/ | kapah /kapah/ | masial /masial/ | kapah /kapah/ |
| Nuovo | bgurah /bɡuɾah/ | geqas /ɡəqas/ | xias /xias/ | — | baluhay /baluhaj/ | bahlu /baɬu/ | faqlhu /faqɬu/ |
| Rosso | mbanah /mbanah/ | mtalah /mtalah/ | lubahing /lubahiŋ/ | merah /merah/ | sumanah /sumanah/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | mashinaw /maʃinaw/ |
| Bianco | bhgay /bhəɡaj/ | plqwiʼ /plqwiʔ/ | risilaw /ɾisilaw/ | putih /putih/ | sanglac /saŋlatʃ/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | mapuzi /mapuði/ |
| Nero | mqalux /mqalux/ | mqalux /mqalux/ | terehen /təɾəhən/ | hitam /hitam/ | lumeniʼ /luməniʔ/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | maqusum /maqusum/ |
| Verde | msama /msama/ | mtasiq /mtasiq/ | tululik /tululik/ | — | langdaway /laŋdawaj/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | madishlum /madiʃlum/ |
| Blu | mgkarats /mŋ̩kaɾats/ | mtasiq /mtasiq/ | — | — | sumilaway /sumilawaj/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | madishlum /madiʃlum/ |
| Computer | patas samaw | tennaw /tənnaw/ | — | — | tingnaw /tiŋnaw/ | tinnau /tinnau/ | tiannau /tiannau/ |
| Tè | ocya /otsja/ | ocyaʼ /otsjaʔ/ | — | — | ucya /utʃja/ | ucia /utsia/ | — |
| Zucchero | qmsiya /qəmsija/ | kmsyaʼ /kmsjaʔ/ | — | — | waneng /wanəŋ/ | kamasia /kamasia/ | — |
| Arancia | mami /mami/ | yutak /jutak/ | — | — | — | izuk /izuk/ | — |
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