Malaysian English
马来西亚英语
日耳曼语族
马来西亚英语（MyE；语言标签en-MY）包括在多语社会马来西亚广泛作为第二语言或附加语言使用的多种英语变体。它主要由殖民时期的英式英语在与马来语、汉语族语言、泰米尔语等语言接触的过程中发展而来。使用范围从接近国际规范和英式规范的正式标准马来西亚英语，到常称为“Manglish”的本地化口语形式；使用者会随场合灵活转换语域，而高层语、中层语和基层语只是描述这一连续体的不同位置。发音往往不卷舌且节奏较偏向音节等时，词末辅音群有时会简化，清塞音送气也可能较弱，不过具体模式因地区、族群、熟练度和正式程度而异。口语使用本地词汇以及lah、meh、lor等表达立场的助词。马来语是国家语言和官方语言，而英语在贸易和工业、高等与私立教育、科学、技术及媒体中仍占重要地位。
使用地区
马来西亚英语的87个核心词
来源
- Baskaran, Loga 2004, "Malaysian English: phonology", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter (not consulted this round; LOT fixes rest on row-internal evidence); en.wiktionary English lemmas
单词比较
与同属日耳曼语族的语言比较
| 含义 | 马来西亚英语 | 加纳英语 | 尼日利亚英语 | 新加坡英语 | 肯尼亚英语 | 英语 | 牙买加英语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| 火 | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fajə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| 太阳 | sun /san/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɔn/ | sun /san/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɵn/ |
| 月亮 | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| 星 | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ |
| 晚上 | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| 雨 | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /reːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ |
| 雪 | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ |
| 风 | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| 土 | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ |
| 石头 | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| 山 | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɛn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmɵʊntn̩/ |
| 海 | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| 母亲 | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɔðə/ | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɵðə/ |
| 父亲 | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ |
| 女儿 | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| 我 | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| 你 | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| 我们 | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| 名字 | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /nem/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ |
| 人 | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsɔn/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| 头 | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| 眼睛 | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| 耳朵 | ear /iə/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /iə/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /iːa/ |
| 鼻子 | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noʊs/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːz/ |
| 嘴 | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | — |
| 牙 | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ |
| 舌头 | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tɵŋ/ |
| 手 | hand /hæn/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hɛn/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ |
| 脚 | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| 心 | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hat/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| 骨头 | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /bon/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| 血 | blood /blad/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɔd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɵd/ |
| 便便 | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /puː/ |
| 爱 | love /laf/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɔv/ | love /laf/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɵv/ |
| 树 | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| 狗 | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ |
| 猫 | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kɛt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kʰat ~ kjaːt/ |
| 鱼 | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| 鸟 | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| 蝴蝶 | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɔtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɵtəflaɪ/ |
| 鸡蛋 | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| 熊 | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /beːɹ/ |
| 马 | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| 房子 | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hɵʊs/ |
| 牛奶 | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| 蜂蜜 | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɔni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɵni/ |
| 盐 | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| 葡萄酒 | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| 米 | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| 巧克力 | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | — | — | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | — | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | — |
| 铁 | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈajən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| 轮子 | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| 丝 | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| 书 | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| 吃 | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| 喝 | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| 睡觉 | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| 一 | one /wan/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɔn/ | one /wan/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɵn/ |
| 二 | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| 三 | three /tɹiː/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹiː/ | three /θɹi/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /tɹiː/ |
| 四 | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /foː/ |
| 五 | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| 百 | hundred /ˈhandɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɔndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɵndɹɛd/ |
| 你好 | hello /həˈlo/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello lah /hɛlo lɑː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ |
| 谢谢 | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thank you /taŋk juː/ |
| 好 | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| 新 | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nju/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| 红 | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| 白 | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| 黑 | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blɛk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ |
| 绿 | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| 蓝 | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blu/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| 布谷鸟 | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| 汪汪 | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| 喔喔 | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| 电脑 | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /komˈpjuːta/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| 寿司 | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| 茶 | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| 咖啡 | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ |
| 糖 | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| 橙 | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| 多巴胺 | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpəmiːn/ |
| @ 符号（艾特） | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /ɛt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ |
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