American English
美国英语
日耳曼语族
通用美式英语（General American，GA）是美式英语中使用最广泛的口音，也是美国大部分地区事实上的广播标准（约 2.3 亿母语使用者）。与基础英语词条所反映的英国 RP 不同，GA 是卷舌音（rhotic）口音——r 在所有位置都发音（water、father、heart）——元音间的 t/d 使用闪音 [ɾ]（water、butter），并且对大多数使用者而言 cot–caught 元音发生合并。
使用地区
美国英语的87个核心词
来源
- Kretzschmar, William A. 2004, "Standard American English pronunciation", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter, 257–269; Wells 1982 vol. 3 §6.1; en.wiktionary English entries, accent label GA/US
单词比较
与同属日耳曼语族的语言比较
| 含义 | 美国英语 | 加拿大英语 | 菲律宾英语 | 非裔美国英语 | 英语 | 阿巴拉契亚英语 | 肯尼亚英语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | water /ˈwɔɾɚ/ | water /ˈwɑɾɚ/ | water /ˈwɔtɚ/ | water /ˈwɑːɾɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːɾɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| 火 | fire /ˈfaɪɚ/ | fire /ˈfaɪɚ/ | fire /faɪɚ/ | fire /faːɚ/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faːɚ/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| 太阳 | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| 月亮 | moon /mun/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| 星 | star /stɑɹ/ | star /stɑɹ/ | star /stɑr/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ |
| 晚上 | night /naɪt/ | night /nʌɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| 雨 | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ |
| 雪 | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoː/ |
| 风 | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪn/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /waɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| 土 | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| 石头 | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| 山 | mountain /ˈmaʊnʔn̩/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɛn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊʔn̩/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaːʊntn̩/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| 海 | sea /si/ | sea /siː/ | sea /si/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| 母亲 | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mama /ˈmɑːmə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| 父亲 | father /ˈfɑðɚ/ | father /ˈfɑðɚ/ | father /ˈfɑðɚ/ | daddy /ˈdæɾi/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðɚ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| 女儿 | daughter /ˈdɔɾɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɑɾɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɔtɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɑːɾɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːɾɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| 我 | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /aɪ/ |
| 你 | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /ju/ |
| 我们 | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wiː/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ |
| 名字 | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ |
| 人 | person /ˈpɝsən/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ | person /ˈpɛrsɔn/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɝsn̩/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| 头 | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| 眼睛 | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aː/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aː/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| 耳朵 | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /ir/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ia/ |
| 鼻子 | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noʊs/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːz/ |
| 嘴 | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mʌʊθ/ | mouth /maʊt/ | mouth /maʊf/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maːʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| 牙 | tooth /tuθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːf/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| 舌头 | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| 手 | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hæːnd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ |
| 脚 | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| 心 | heart /hɑɹt/ | heart /hɑɹt/ | heart /hɑrt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /hɑːt/ |
| 骨头 | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /bon/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /bon/ |
| 血 | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| 便便 | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ |
| 爱 | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| 树 | tree /tɹi/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| 狗 | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɑɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔːɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɑːɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ |
| 猫 | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ |
| 鱼 | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| 鸟 | bird /bɝd/ | bird /bɝd/ | bird /bɝd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɝd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| 蝴蝶 | butterfly /ˈbʌɾɚflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌɾɚflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtɚflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌɾɚflaː/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌɾɚflaː/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| 鸡蛋 | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| 熊 | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛə/ |
| 马 | horse /hɔɹs/ | horse /hɔɹs/ | horse /hɔrs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| 房子 | house /haʊs/ | house /hʌʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haːʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| 牛奶 | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| 蜂蜜 | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| 盐 | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɑlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ |
| 葡萄酒 | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| 米 | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹʌɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| 巧克力 | chocolate /ˈtʃɑklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɑklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃokoleɪt/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɑːklət/ | — |
| 铁 | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ | iron /aːɚn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /aːɚn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| 轮子 | wheel /wil/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| 丝 | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| 书 | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| 吃 | eat /it/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| 喝 | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| 睡觉 | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| 一 | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| 二 | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tu/ |
| 三 | three /θɹi/ | three /θɹi/ | three /tɹi/ | three /fɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹi/ |
| 四 | four /fɔɹ/ | four /fɔɹ/ | four /fɔr/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ |
| 五 | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| 百 | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ |
| 你好 | hello /həˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | what's up /wʌts ʌp/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | howdy /ˈhaːdi/ | hello /həˈloː/ |
| 谢谢 | thank you /θæŋk ju/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ |
| 好 | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| 新 | new /nu/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nu/ | new /njuː/ | new /nuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| 红 | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| 白 | white /waɪt/ | white /wʌɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| 黑 | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ |
| 绿 | green /ɡɹin/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹin/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| 蓝 | blue /blu/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blu/ | blue /blu/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| 布谷鸟 | cuckoo /ˈkuku/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| 汪汪 | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| 喔喔 | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɑkəˌdudəlˈdu/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɑkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔːkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɑːkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| 电脑 | computer /kəmˈpjutɚ/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtɚ/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːɾə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːɾɚ/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪpaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaː/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| 寿司 | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| 茶 | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| 咖啡 | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɑfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔːfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ |
| 糖 | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| 橙 | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔːɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| 多巴胺 | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəˌmin/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ |
| @ 符号（艾特） | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ |
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