eMakhuwa
马库阿语
大西洋-刚果（班图语支）
马库瓦语（eMakhuwa）是莫桑比克最大的班图语，通行于北部全境。以中部马库瓦语为文学标准，包含罗姆韦语、楚瓦博语等多个变体，部分有时被视为独立语言。19 世纪通过斯瓦希里-阿拉伯商人和葡属奥兰多-赞比西商业公司贸易而广泛扩展，殖民时代以后成为莫桑比克北部主要通用语。使用者依变体不同约 400 万至 600 万。是声调语言，使用拉丁字母（莫桑比克政府正字法自 1990 年代起标准化）。
使用地区
马库阿语的87个核心词
xokolaati
来源
- Glosbe en-vmw (Rajki András Makhuwa list; Kwanamuwelo); Emakhuwa Bible VMK2021 (bible.com version 3013, Makhuwa-Shirima); Makhuwa-Meetto NT (bible.com 2761) and Makua Bible MOT (bible.com 1673) for confirmation; en.wiktionary Makhuwa (8 lemmas). No Central Makhuwa (Nampula) Bible is on bible.com or ebible
单词比较
与同属大西洋-刚果（班图语支）的语言比较
| 含义 | 马库阿语 | 洛姆韦语 | 塞纳语 | 金本杜语 | 齐切瓦语 | 通布卡语 | 卢瓦语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | maasi /maːsi/ | mahi /mahi/ | madzi /madzi/ | menha /meɲa/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | mura /muɾa/ |
| 火 | moro /moɾo/ | moro /moɾo/ | moto /moto/ | tubia /tubja/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muro /muɾo/ |
| 太阳 | nsuwa /nsuwa/ | nsuwa /nsuwa/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | dikumbi /dikumbi/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | saa /saː/ |
| 月亮 | mweeri /mweːɾi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mbeji /mbeʒi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwiri /mwiɾi/ |
| 星 | enettha /enetʰːa/ | etheneri /etʰeneɾi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | tetembwa /teˈtembwa/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyinyiri /ɲiɲiɾi/ |
| 晚上 | ohiyu /ohiju/ | ohiyu /ohiju/ | usiku /usiku/ | usuku /usuku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | kio /kio/ |
| 雨 | epula /epula/ | epula /epula/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvula /mvula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | vula /ˈvula/ | fua /fua/ |
| 雪 | nxotte /nʃotːe/ | mucharapo /mutʃʰaɾapo/ | neve /neve/ | neve /neve/ | chipale chofewa /tʃipale tʃofewa/ | chiwuvi /tʃiwuvi/ | mboṛongo /mboɾoŋɡo/ |
| 风 | epheyo /epʰejo/ | echeku /etʃʰeku/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | kitembu /kitembu/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mburaato /mbuɾaːto/ |
| 土 | etthaya /etʰːaja/ | echaya /etʃʰaja/ | mataka /mataka/ | mavu /mavu/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | uteri /uteɾi/ |
| 石头 | nluku /nluku/ | nluku /nluku/ | mwala /mwala/ | ditadi /ditadi/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 山 | mwaako /mwaːko/ | mwaako /mwaːko/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | mulundu /mulundu/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | uro /uɾo/ |
| 海 | ephareya /epʰaɾeja/ | ephareya /epʰaɾeja/ | bara /bara/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nruva /nɾuva/ |
| 母亲 | maama /maːma/ | amai /amai/ | mai /mai/ | mama /mama/ | amayi /amaji/ | amama /amama/ | mama /mama/ |
| 父亲 | paapa /paːpa/ | atithi /atitʰi/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | abambo /abambo/ | adada /adada/ | baba /baba/ |
| 女儿 | mwaana mwa muthiyana /mwaːna mwa mutʰijana/ | mwana mwa muthiana /mwana mwa mutʰiana/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mona a muhatu /mona a muhatu/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana wa kika /mwana wa kika/ |
| 我 | miyo /mijo/ | miyo /mijo/ | ine /ine/ | eme /eme/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | inyi /iɲi/ |
| 你 | weyo /wejo/ | weyo /wejo/ | iwe /iwe/ | eie /eje/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 我们 | hiyo /hijo/ | hiyo /hijo/ | ife /ife/ | etu /etu/ | ife /ife/ | ise /ise/ | ise /ise/ |
| 名字 | nsina /nsina/ | nsina /nsina/ | dzina /dzina/ | dijina /diˈʒina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zina /zina/ | irina /irina/ |
| 人 | mutthu /mutʰːu/ | muchu /mutʃʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | mutu /mutu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | nndu /ndu/ |
| 头 | muru /muɾu/ | muru /muɾu/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | mutue /mutue/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutu /mutu/ | nrwe /nɾwe/ |
| 眼睛 | niitho /niːtʰo/ | nitho /nitʰo/ | diso /diso/ | disu /disu/ | diso /diso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | iriso /iɾiso/ |
| 耳朵 | niyaru /nijaɾu/ | naaru /naːɾu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | ditui /ditui/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | kuri /kuɾi/ |
| 鼻子 | ephula /epʰula/ | ephula /epʰula/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | dizulu /dizulu/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | — |
| 嘴 | eyano /ejano/ | mwano /mwano/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | dikanu /dikanu/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | kana /kana/ |
| 牙 | nino /nino/ | nino /nino/ | dzino /dzino/ | dizu /dizu/ | dzino /dzino/ | jino /dʒino/ | iyoo /ijoː/ |
| 舌头 | nlumi /nlumi/ | nlumi /nlumi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | dimi /dimi/ | lilime /lilime/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulumi /ulumi/ |
| 手 | ntata /ntata/ | ntata /ntata/ | nkono /nkono/ | lukwaku /lukwaku/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ | woko /woko/ | uko /uko/ |
| 脚 | mwetto /mwetːo/ | nnani /nnani/ | mwendo /mwendo/ | kinama /kinama/ | phazi /ˈpʰazí/ | lundi /lundi/ | urende /uɾende/ |
| 心 | murima /muɾima/ | murima /muɾima/ | ntima /ntima/ | muxima /muʃima/ | mtima /mtima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ |
| 骨头 | nikhuva /nikʰuva/ | nikhuwa /nikʰuwa/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | kifuba /kifuba/ | fupa /fupa/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | ifua /ifua/ |
| 血 | ephome /epʰome/ | ephome /epʰome/ | malopa /malopa/ | manhinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | usao /usao/ |
| 便便 | mavi /mavi/ | mari /maɾi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | tuji /tuʒi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ | mavi /mavi/ | — |
| 爱 | ophenta /opʰenta/ | osivela /osivela/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | henda /henda/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | ikunda /ikunda/ |
| 树 | mwiri /mwiɾi/ | mwiri /mwiɾi/ | muti /muti/ | muxi /muʃi/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | nri /nɾi/ |
| 狗 | mwalapwa /mwalapwa/ | nampwe /nampwe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | mboha /mboha/ |
| 猫 | paaka /paːka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | kasalu /kasalu/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ | chona /tʃona/ | paka /paka/ |
| 鱼 | ehopa /ehopa/ | ehopa /ehopa/ | omba /omba/ | mbiji /mbiʒi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ | somba /somba/ | ikunga /ikuŋɡa/ |
| 鸟 | mwaanuni /mwaːnuni/ | epalame /epalame/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | njila /ndʒila/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | ndee /ndeː/ |
| 蝴蝶 | nikuruthu /nikuɾutʰu/ | nikurunthu /nikuɾuntʰu/ | bemberuwa /bemberuwa/ | kimbiambia /kimbjambja/ | gulugufe /ɡuluˈɡufe/ | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ | — |
| 鸡蛋 | nooce /noːtʃe/ | nooce /noːtʃe/ | dzai /dzai/ | diiaki /dijaki/ | dzira /dzira/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | ngosho /ŋɡoʃo/ |
| 熊 | ursu /uɾsu/ | ursu /uɾsu/ | urusu /urusu/ | ulusu /ulusu/ | — | — | — |
| 马 | ekhavalo /ekʰavalo/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | kabalu /kabalu/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | farasi /faɾasi/ |
| 房子 | empa /empa/ | empa /empa/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | inzo /inzo/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ |
| 牛奶 | eleeti /eleːti/ | eleiti /eleiti/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | lete /lete/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | maruva /maɾuva/ |
| 蜂蜜 | oravo /oɾavo/ | enuwi /enuwi/ | uci /utʃi/ | uiki /wiki/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uki /uki/ |
| 盐 | maakha /maːkʰa/ | mwapa /mwapa/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mungua /muŋɡwa/ | mchere /mtʃere/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| 葡萄酒 | eviinyu /eviːɲu/ | eviinyu /eviːɲu/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | mfinyo /mfiɲo/ |
| 米 | nzoro /nzoɾo/ | musoro /musoɾo/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | loso /loso/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | — |
| 巧克力 | xokolaati | xokolate | xokolati /ʃokolati/ | — | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | — |
| 铁 | eyuuma /ejuːma/ | muthipo /mutʰipo/ | utale /utale/ | felu /felu/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | minya /miɲa/ |
| 轮子 | nroota /nɾoːta/ | — | roda /roda/ | dilola /dilola/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | — |
| 丝 | seda /seda/ | — | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ |
| 书 | eliivuru /eliːvuɾu/ | liivuru /liːvuɾu/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | divulu /divulu/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | kitabu /kitabu/ |
| 吃 | olya /olja/ | olya /oʎa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | ilya /ilja/ |
| 喝 | owurya /owuɾja/ | owurya /owuɾja/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | inwa /inwa/ |
| 睡觉 | orupa /oˈɾupa/ | orupa /oɾupa/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kuzeka /kuzeka/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | — |
| 一 | mosa /mosa/ | mosaa /mosaː/ | posi /posi/ | moxi /moʃi/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | mongo /moŋɡo/ |
| 二 | piili /piːli/ | pili /pili/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | iadi /jaːdi/ | awiri /awiri/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | fivili /fivili/ |
| 三 | tharu /tʰaru/ | tharu /tʰaru/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | zitatu /zitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | firaru /fiɾaɾu/ |
| 四 | xexe /ʃeʃe/ | xexe /ʃeʃe/ | pinai /pinai/ | uana /wana/ | zinayi /zinaji/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | fiini /fiːni/ |
| 五 | thanu /tʰanu/ | thanu /tʰanu/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | tanu /tanu/ | sanu /sanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | firaanu /fiɾaːnu/ |
| 百 | emiya /emija/ | nsana /nsana/ | dzana /dzana/ | hama /hama/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | iyana /ijana/ |
| 你好 | salaama /salaːma/ | salama /salama/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | nga ku menekena /ŋɡa ku menekena/ | moni /moni/ | monire /moniɾe/ | kira /kiɾa/ |
| 谢谢 | kosheni /koʃeni/ | ekoshelele /ekoʃelele/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | nga ku sakidila /ŋɡa ku sakidila/ | zikomo /zikomo/ | yewo /jewo/ | asante /asante/ |
| 好 | ratteene /ɾatːeːne/ | orera /oɾeɾa/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | kiambote /kiambote/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | kya /kja/ |
| 新 | esya /esja/ | evyaani /evjaːni/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | kiobe /kjobe/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | shiiya /ʃiːja/ |
| 红 | thiru /tʰiru/ | fila /fila/ | funga /funɡa/ | kusuka /kusuka/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ | swesi /swesi/ | itondoṛie /itondoɾie/ |
| 白 | otteela /otːeːla/ | weela /weːla/ | cena /tʃena/ | kuzela /kuzela/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | sheelwa /ʃeːlwa/ |
| 黑 | oriipa /oɾiːpa/ | ooripa /oːɾipa/ | psipa /psipa/ | kuxikela /kuʃikela/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ | fipa /fipa/ | shuu /ʃuː/ |
| 绿 | ekori ya mathapa /ekoɾi ja matʰapa/ | ntikwa /ntikwa/ | — | — | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ | biriŵiri /biɾiβiɾi/ | — |
| 电脑 | komputatore /komputatoɾe/ | komputatore /komputatoɾe/ | komputadhori | komputadolo /komputadolo/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — |
| 茶 | exa /eʃa/ | chaaya /tʃʰaːja/ | xaya /ʃaja/ | xá /ʃa/ | tiyi /ˈtiji/ | tiyi /tiji/ | — |
| 咖啡 | ekafe /ekafe/ | cafee /tʃafeː/ | kafe /kafe/ | kafé /kaˈfe/ | kofi /kofi/ | khofi /kʰofi/ | — |
| 橙 | erarance /eɾaɾantʃe/ | nrarance /nɾaɾantʃe/ | laranja /larandʒa/ | dilalanza /dilalanza/ | lalanje /lalandʒe/ | olenji /olendʒi/ | — |
| 99 | miloko mithanu na mixexe ni thanu na xexe /miloko mitʰanu na miʃeʃe ni tʰanu na ʃeʃe/ | — | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makuinhi ivua ni ivua /makwiɲi ivwa ni ivwa/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi kyeenda na kyeenda /makumi kjeːnda na kjeːnda/ |
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