Estuary English
Estuary-Englisch
Indogermanisch (West- Germanisch, Englisch)
Estuary English (Projektcode en_est) ist eine umstrittene, 1984 geprägte Bezeichnung für eine Gruppe südostenglischer Aussprachemerkmale und Positionen auf dem Kontinuum zwischen heutiger Received Pronunciation beziehungsweise britischem Standardenglisch des Südens und populärer Londoner Sprache einschließlich Cockney. Es wird mit London, der Themsemündung und den Home Counties verbunden, obwohl sich viele seiner Merkmale weiter verbreitet haben. Häufig genannte Eigenschaften sind Nicht-Rhotizität, /t/-Glottalisierung in bestimmten Positionen, Vokalisierung des dunklen /l/, Yod-Koaleszenz und verschobene Diphthonge; ihre Häufigkeit variiert nach Sprecher, Stil, Alter, Schicht und Ort. Standardgrammatik und -gebrauch unterscheiden die Bezeichnung gewöhnlich von breitem Cockney, während H-Ausfall und TH-Fronting keine durchgehend definierenden Merkmale sind. Viele Sprachwissenschaftler betrachten „Estuary English“ daher nicht als einen einheitlichen, klassenlosen Akzent, sondern als praktischen, mitunter irreführenden Namen für sich überlappende Muster regionaler und sozialer Variation.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Estuary-Englisch: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Wells (1982) Accents of English
- International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA)
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Indogermanisch (West- Germanisch, Englisch)
| Bedeutung | Estuary-Englisch | Cockney | Englisch | Südafrikanisches Englisch | Brummie | West-Country-Englisch | Manchester-Englisch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | water /ˈwɔːʔə/ | water /ˈwoːʔə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ |
| Feuer | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /fɑːə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Sonne | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɐn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ |
| Mond | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /mʉːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Stern | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /stɑː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ |
| Nacht | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Regen | rain /ɹɛɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹʌɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ |
| Schnee | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ |
| Wind | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Erde | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Stein | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stæʊn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stɐʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stɒʊn/ |
| Berg | mountain /ˈmæʊnʔən/ | mountain /ˈmæːnʔn̩/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Meer | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mutter | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɐvə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ |
| Vater | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːvə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ |
| Tochter | daughter /ˈdɔːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdoːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ |
| Ich | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ɔɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Du | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʉː/ | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Wir | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Name | name /næɪm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nʌɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ |
| Mensch | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kopf | head /hed/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Auge | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /ɑː/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Ohr | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ |
| Nase | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ |
| Mund | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /mæːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Zahn | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʉːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ |
| Zunge | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ |
| Hand | hand /hænd/ | hand /ænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Fuß | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Herz | heart /hɑːʔ/ | heart /ɑːʔ/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Knochen | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bæʊn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bɐʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bɒʊn/ |
| Blut | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ |
| Kacke | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /pʉː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Liebe | love /lʌv/ | love /lɐv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ |
| Baum | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Hund | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Katze | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ |
| Fisch | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Vogel | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Schmetterling | butterfly /ˈbʌʔəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɐʔəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtɚflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ |
| Ei | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /eɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Bär | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /beː/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛə/ |
| Pferd | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Haus | house /hæʊs/ | house /æːʔs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Milch | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Honig | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ |
| Salz | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /soːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Wein | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /wɑɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Reis | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Schokolade | chocolate /ˈtʃɒkləʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklɪʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Eisen | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈɑːən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈɔɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Rad | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Seide | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Buch | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Essen | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Trinken | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Schlafen | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Eins | one /wʌn/ | one /wɐn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ |
| Zwei | two /tuː/ | two /tʰuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tʉː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Drei | three /θɹiː/ | three /fɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Vier | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Fünf | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /fɑɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Hundert | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ |
| Hallo | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | oi /oɪ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ |
| Danke | thanks /θæŋks/ | fanks /fæŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /taː/ |
| Gut | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Neu | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njʉː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Rot | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Weiß | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /wɑɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Schwarz | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Grün | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Blau | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blʉː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Kuckuck | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkʉː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Wau wau | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kikeriki | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkədʉːdlˈdʉː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Computer | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːʔə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjʉːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtɚ/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwɑɪfɑɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsʉːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsʉʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Tee | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kaffee | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Zucker | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ |
| Orange | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnɑɪnti ˈnɑɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamin | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ |
| At-Zeichen | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ |
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