Jamaican English
Jamaikanisches Englisch
Germanisch
Jamaikanisches Standardenglisch (Gebietsschema en-JM; Projektcode en_jam) ist die lokale Standardform des Englischen in Jamaika. Englisch ist die Amtssprache des Landes, und diese Varietät wird vor allem in Regierung, formeller Bildung, Recht und landesweiten Nachrichtenmedien verwendet. Sie besteht neben dem Jamaika-Kreolischen oder Patwa, einer eigenständigen Kreolsprache mit englischer Lexik; jamaikanisches Sprechen wird oft als Kontinuum zwischen beiden beschrieben, doch sie sind nicht gleichzusetzen. Die Aussprache spiegelt diesen Kontakt wider und variiert nach Situation und Sprecher; verbreitete Tendenzen sind variable Rhotizität, relativ geringe Reduktion unbetonter Vokale, ein angehobener oder gerundeter STRUT-Vokal sowie ein charakteristischer Rhythmus und eine eigene Intonation. Formelle Grammatik und Rechtschreibung bleiben anderen Standardformen des Englischen nahe und folgen weitgehend britischen Konventionen, während Wortschatz und Alltagsgebrauch etablierte jamaikanische Formen enthalten. Die meisten Jamaikaner beherrschen mehr als einen Teil dieses Repertoires und wechseln ihren Stil je nach Kontext.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Jamaikanisches Englisch: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Devonish, Hubert & Otelemate G. Harry 2004, "Jamaican Creole and Jamaican English: phonology", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter, 964–984 (via en.wikipedia "Jamaican English"); Wells 1982, Accents of English vol. 3, §10.2
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Germanisch
| Bedeutung | Jamaikanisches Englisch | Ghanaisches Englisch | Nigerianisches Englisch | Kenianisches Englisch | Malaysisches Englisch | Geordie | Walisisches Englisch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Feuer | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Sonne | sun /sɵn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɔn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /san/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mond | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Stern | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Nacht | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Regen | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɾeɪn/ |
| Schnee | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snoː/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ |
| Wind | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Erde | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Stein | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Berg | mountain /ˈmɵʊntn̩/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɛn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Meer | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mutter | mother /ˈmɵðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɔðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmadə/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Vater | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfadə/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Tochter | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Ich | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Du | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /ju/ | you /ju/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Wir | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wi/ | we /wi/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Name | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Mensch | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsɔn/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kopf | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Auge | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Ohr | ear /iːa/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /ia/ | ear /iə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /iːə/ |
| Nase | nose /noːz/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noːs/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /noʊz/ |
| Zahn | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Zunge | tongue /tɵŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Hand | hand /hand/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hæn/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Fuß | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Herz | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Knochen | bone /boːn/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bon/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Blut | blood /blɵd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blɔd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blad/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Kacke | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Liebe | love /lɵv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɔv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /laf/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Baum | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Hund | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɔk/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Katze | cat /kʰat ~ kjaːt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ |
| Fisch | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Vogel | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Schmetterling | butterfly /ˈbɵtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɔtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbatəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Ei | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Bär | bear /beːɹ/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛː/ |
| Pferd | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Haus | house /hɵʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Milch | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Honig | honey /ˈhɵni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhɔni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Salz | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Wein | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Reis | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Eisen | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Rad | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Seide | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Buch | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Essen | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Trinken | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Schlafen | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Eins | one /wɵn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɔn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wan/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Zwei | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tu/ | two /tu/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Drei | three /tɹiː/ | three /tɹi/ | three /tɹi/ | three /θɹi/ | three /tɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Vier | four /foː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Fünf | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Hundert | hundred /ˈhɵndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhɔndɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhandɹɛd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ |
| Hallo | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈlo/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Danke | thank you /taŋk juː/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /tɛŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Gut | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊt/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Neu | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nɪʊ/ |
| Rot | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɾɛd/ |
| Weiß | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Schwarz | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Grün | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɾiːn/ |
| Blau | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blɪʊ/ |
| Kuckuck | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Wau wau | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kikeriki | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Computer | computer /komˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːta/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Tee | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kaffee | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Zucker | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Orange | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamin | dopamine /ˈdoːpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ |
| At-Zeichen | at /at/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /at/ |
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