Tiv
Niger-Kongo
Tiv ist die Hauptsprache der ethnischen Gruppe der Tiv, der größten nicht zu den Hausa-Fulani gehörenden Bevölkerung Zentralnigerias, mit etwa 5 Millionen Sprechern, die im Bundesstaat Benue um Gboko und Makurdi konzentriert sind. Sprachlich gehört Tiv zur tivoiden Untergruppe des Bantoid (Schwesterzweig der Bantusprachen), doch die meisten anderen tivoiden Sprachen befinden sich in Kamerun, wodurch Tiv innerhalb seiner Untergruppe geografisch isoliert ist. Tiv weist klassische Niger-Kongo-Merkmale auf: ein Nominalklassensystem (~10 Klassen), Tonalität (3 Töne mit Downstep) und SVO-Konstituentenstellung. Das Tiv-English Dictionary von Abraham (1940) bleibt ein grundlegendes Nachschlagewerk. Tiv besitzt seit den 1930er Jahren eine starke literarische Tradition, mit bedeutenden Werken wie dem Tiv-Neuen Testament (1936) und der tivsprachigen Zeitung „Tion“.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Tiv: 87 Kernwörter
côkoleeti
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Niger-Kongo
| Bedeutung | Tiv | Bemba | Sambia-Tonga | Kaonde | Nyaturu | Luvale | Kikuyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | mngerem /mŋɡɛɾɛm/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | meenda /meːnda/ | mema /mema/ | maji /madʒi/ | meya /meja/ | maaĩ /maːe/ |
| Feuer | usu /usu/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | mujilo /mudʒilo/ | moto /moto/ | kakahya /kakahja/ | mwaki /mwaki/ |
| Sonne | iyange /ijaŋɡe/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | zuba /zuba/ | juba /dʒuba/ | yura /juɾa/ | likumbi /likumbi/ | riũa /ɾioa/ |
| Mond | uwer /uwɛɾ/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ng'ondo /ŋondo/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ |
| Stern | ishan /iˈʃan/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | ntaanda /ntaːnda/ | njota /ndʒota/ | tanganyeka /taŋɡaˈɲeka/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ |
| Nacht | tugh /tuɣ/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | busiku /busiku/ | bufuku /bufuku/ | utiku /utiku/ | ufuku /ufuku/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ |
| Regen | ura /ˈura/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | imvula /imvula/ | mvula /mvula/ | mbura /mbura/ | vula /vula/ | mbura /ˈmbura/ |
| Schnee | senou /senou/ | ubunga bwa mfula /ubuŋɡa bwa mfula/ | caanda /tʃaːnda/ | sino /sino/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | mbundu /mbundu/ | ira /ˈiɾa/ |
| Wind | ahumbe /ahumbe/ | umwela /umwela/ | muwo /muwo/ | lubesha /lubeʃa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | peho /peho/ | rũhuho /ɾòhùːhɔ̀/ |
| Erde | tar /tar/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | mushiji /muʃidʒi/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | mavu /mavu/ | tĩĩri /teːɾi/ |
| Stein | iwen /iwen/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ | jibwe /dʒibwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | lilolwa /lilolwa/ | ihiga /iˈhiɣa/ |
| Berg | uwo /uwo/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | cilundu /tʃilundu/ | mutumba /mutumba/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | pili /pili/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ |
| Meer | zegemnger /zeɡemŋɡɛɾ/ | bemba /bemba/ | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | kalungalwiji /kaluŋɡalwidʒi/ | — |
| Mutter | ngo /ŋɡo/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | bama /bama/ | bamama /bamama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | maitũ /maito/ |
| Vater | ter /tɛɾ/ | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ |
| Tochter | wan u kwase /wan u kwase/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ | mwana wamukazhi /mwana wamukaʒi/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | mwana wapwevo /mwana wapwevo/ | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ |
| Ich | mo /mɔ/ | ine /ine/ | ime /ime/ | amiwa /amiwa/ | une /une/ | ami /ami/ | niĩ /nie/ |
| Du | we /we/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | obewa /obewa/ | uwe /uwe/ | ove /ove/ | wee /wɛː/ |
| Wir | se /se/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | iswe /iswe/ | atweba /atweba/ | sese /sese/ | etu /etu/ | ithuĩ /iðue/ |
| Name | iti /iˈti/ | ishina /iʃina/ | izina /iˈziːna/ | jizhina /dʒiʒina/ | rina /ɾina/ | lijina /liˈʒina/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ |
| Mensch | or /or/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | muntu /muntu/ | muntu /muntu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mutu /mutu/ | mũndũ /mondo/ |
| Kopf | ityough /itjouɣ/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mũtwe /motwɛ/ |
| Auge | ishe /iʃe/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | liso /liso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | riho /riho/ | liso /liso/ | riitho /riːðɔ/ |
| Ohr | togh /toɣ/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | litwitwi /litwitwi/ | gũtũ /ɣoto/ |
| Nase | hinga /hiŋɡa/ | umona /umona/ | impemo /impemo/ | moona /moːna/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | lizulu /lizulu/ | iniũrũ /inioɾo/ |
| Mund | zwa /zwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | momo /momo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kanua /kaˈnua/ |
| Zahn | inyigh /iɲiɣ/ | ilino /ilino/ | linyo /liɲo/ | jiino /dʒiːno/ | ino /ino/ | lizo /lizo/ | igego /iɣɛɣɔ/ |
| Zunge | nombor /nombor/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | mulaka /mulaka/ | lujimi /ludʒimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | limi /limi/ | rũrĩmĩ /ɾoɾeme/ |
| Hand | uwegh /uweɣ/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | livoko /livoko/ | guoko /ɡuɔkɔ/ |
| Fuß | nguhar /ŋɡuhar/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | cituta /tʃituta/ | kuulu /kuːlu/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | lihinji /lihindʒi/ | kũgũrũ /koɣoro/ |
| Herz | ishima /iʃima/ | umutima /umutima/ | moyo /mojo/ | muchima /mutʃima/ | umutima /umutima/ | mutima /mutima/ | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ |
| Knochen | kuhe /kuhe/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | ifuwa /ifuwa/ | kupa /kupa/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | lifuwa /lifuwa/ | ihĩndĩ /ihende/ |
| Blut | awambe /awambe/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | bulowa /bulowa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | sakami /sakami/ | manyinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | thakame /ðakamɛ/ |
| Kacke | akôngo /akɔŋɡo/ | amafi /amafi/ | tubi /tubi/ | — | — | tuji /tudʒi/ | mai /mai/ |
| Liebe | dooshima /doːʃima/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | luyando /lujando/ | butemwe /butemwe/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | zangi /zaŋɡi/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ |
| Baum | kon /kon/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | kichi /kitʃi/ | umuti /umuti/ | mutondo /mutondo/ | mũtĩ /mote/ |
| Hund | iwa /iwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | muvwa /muvwa/ | kabwa /kabwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | kawa /kawa/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ |
| Katze | anyam /aɲam/ | pushi /puʃi/ | kaaze /kaːze/ | kapuso /kapuso/ | paka /paka/ | katako /katako/ | nyaũ /ɲao/ |
| Fisch | ishu /iʃu/ | isabi /isabi/ | inswi /inswi/ | jisabi /dʒisabi/ | somba /somba/ | shi /ʃi/ | thamaki /ðamaki/ |
| Vogel | inyon /iɲɔn/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | kayuni /kajuni/ | ng'onyi /ŋoɲi/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | kajila /kadʒila/ | nyoni /ˈɲɔni/ |
| Schmetterling | kokombo /kokombo/ | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | inkoonkolekwa /iŋkoːŋkolekwa/ | kipupulwa /kipupulwa/ | — | kauyauya /kaujauja/ | kĩĩhuruta /keːhuruːta/ |
| Ei | ijikegh /idʒikeɣ/ | ilini /ilini/ | iji /idʒi/ | jike /dʒike/ | ighe /iɣe/ | liulu /liulu/ | itumbĩ /itumbe/ |
| Pferd | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ | mbili /mbili/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | kavalu /kavalu/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ |
| Haus | ya /ja/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ | nzubo /nzubo/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | zuvo /zuvo/ | nyũmba /ɲomba/ |
| Milch | atumba /atumba/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mukupa /mukupa/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | maya /maja/ | mavele /mavele/ | iria /iria/ |
| Honig | iyough /ijouɣ/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | buci /butʃi/ | buki /buki/ | ruke /ruke/ | uchi /utʃi/ | ũũkĩ /oːke/ |
| Salz | bar /baɾ/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | munyo /muɲo/ | mukele /mukele/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mungwa /muŋɡwa/ | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ |
| Wein | wain /wain/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | waini /waini/ | binyu /biɲu/ | divai /divai/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | ndibei /ndibɛi/ |
| Schokolade | côkoleeti | chokoleti | ccokoleti | — | — | — | chocolate |
| Eisen | iyôgh /ijɔɣ/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | butale /butale/ | kapotwe /kapotwe/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | fwelu /fwelu/ | kĩgera /keˈɣɛra/ |
| Rad | ikyaver /ikjaver/ | umupeto /umupeto/ | ivwili /iˈvwili/ | kitanga /kitaŋɡa/ | — | lifumbo /lifumbo/ | kĩgaragari /keɣaraɣari/ |
| Seide | shiliti /ʃiliti/ | shiliki /ʃiliki/ | — | shilika /ʃilika/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | shiliki /ʃiliki/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ |
| Buch | takerada /takerada/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | mukanda /mukanda/ | ibuku /iβuku/ |
| Essen | yan /jan/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kuja /kudʒa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ |
| Trinken | mba /mba/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kutoma /kutoma/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ |
| Schlafen | yav /jav/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | koona /koːna/ | kulaala /kulaːla/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kusavala /kusavala/ | gũkoma /ɣoˈkɔma/ |
| Eins | mom /mom/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | mwi /mwi/ | umo /umo/ | umwe /umwe/ | mwe /mwe/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ |
| Zwei | uhar /uˈhar/ | fibili /fibili/ | bili /bili/ | babiji /babidʒi/ | aviri /aβiri/ | vali /vali/ | igĩrĩ /iɣeɾe/ |
| Drei | utar /utar/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | totatwe /totatwe/ | basatu /basatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | ithatũ /iðato/ |
| Vier | unyiin /uɲiː/ | fine /fine/ | ne /ne/ | bana /bana/ | inne /inːe/ | wana /wana/ | inya /iɲa/ |
| Fünf | utaan /utaːn/ | fisano /fisano/ | musanu /musanu/ | batanu /batanu/ | itano /itano/ | tanu /tanu/ | ithano /iðanɔ/ |
| Hundert | deri /dɛɾi/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ | kitota /kitota/ | ighana /iɣana/ | likulukaji /likulukadʒi/ | igana /iɣana/ |
| Hallo | m sugh /m suɣ/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | mwane /mwane/ | wĩmwega /wemwɛɡa/ |
| Danke | m sugh u /m suɣ u/ | natotela /natotela/ | twalumba /twalumba/ | nasanta /nasanta/ | asante /aˈsante/ | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ | nĩ wega /ne wɛɡa/ |
| Gut | dedoo /dedoː/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | kabotu /kabotu/ | kyawama /kjawama/ | kihi /kihi/ | mwaza /mwaza/ | wega /wɛɡa/ |
| Neu | he /he/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | pya /pja/ | kipya /kipja/ | mpya /mpja/ | chihya /tʃihja/ | kĩerũ /keɛro/ |
| Rot | nyian /ɲian/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | subila /subila/ | chila /tʃila/ | ntune /ntune/ | chikuhwa /tʃikuhwa/ | ũtune /otunɛ/ |
| Weiß | pupu /pupu/ | buuta /buːta/ | salala /salala/ | toka /toka/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | chitoma /tʃitoma/ | werũ /wɛro/ |
| Schwarz | il /il/ | fiita /fiːta/ | siya /sija/ | fiita /fiːta/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | chilava /tʃilava/ | ũirũ /oiro/ |
| Grün | kwel /kʷel/ | katapa /katapa/ | — | — | — | — | ngirini /ŋɡirini/ |
| Blau | kwel /kʷel/ | — | — | — | — | — | bururu /bururu/ |
| Computer | kômputa /kɔmputa/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kkompyuta /ˈkompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kopyuta /kopjuta/ | kompiuta /kɔmpiuta/ |
| Tee | tii /tiː/ | tii /tiː/ | tii /tiː/ | — | — | tiyi /tiji/ | cai /tʃaːi/ |
| Kaffee | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kkofi /ˈkofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kahũa /kahowa/ |
| Zucker | shogar /ʃoɡar/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | syuga /sjuɡa/ | shuka /ʃuka/ | — | shuka /ʃuka/ | cukari /tʃukaːɾi/ |
| Orange | alum /alum/ | — | — | — | — | lilalanja | icungwa /itʃuŋɡwa/ |
| 99 | akunduanyiingber kar utaankarunyiin /akunduaɲiːɡber kar utaːnkaruɲiː/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | makumi aali fuka afuka /makumi aːli fuka afuka/ | makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina /makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi atanu naawana navatanu navawana /makumi atanu naːwana navatanu navawana/ | mĩrongo kenda na kenda /meɾɔŋɡɔ kɛnda na kɛnda/ |
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