𐤐𐤍𐤊
Púnico
Afro-asiática (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite) · variedade histórica / oculta
O púnico é a variedade tardia do fenício, falada no império comercial cartaginês e em seus Estados sucessores. Após a conquista romana, sobreviveu por séculos no norte da África como língua regional; no século V, Agostinho de Hipona ainda testemunha seu uso ativo. A escrita neopúnica evoluiu para uma forma cursiva.
Onde é falada
87 palavras essenciais em púnico
Fontes
- Krahmalkov, Charles R. 2000, A Phoenician-Punic Dictionary (Studia Phoenicia 15, Leuven: Peeters) (PPD; via round 66); Friedrich, Johannes & Röllig, Wolfgang 1999, Phönizisch-punische Grammatik, 3rd ed. (PPG); en.wiktionary Phoenician lemmas with Punic notes; Hackett, Jo Ann 2004, "Phoenician and Punic", in The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages
Palavras comparadas
Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: Afro-asiática (Northwest Semitic, Canaanite)
| Significado | Púnico | Fenício | Ugarítico | Aramaico antigo | Protossemítico | Hebraico mixnaico | Sabeu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | 𐤌𐤌 /meːm/ | 𐤌𐤌 /meːm/ | 𐎎𐎊 /maju/ | מין /majin/ | *māʔ- /māʔ/ | מים /majim/ | 𐩣𐩥 /maw/ |
| Fogo | 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ | 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ | 𐎛𐎌𐎚 /ʔiʃt/ | נור /nuːr/ | *ʔiš- /ʔiš/ | אש /ʔeʃ/ | 𐩱𐩪 /ʔas/ |
| Sol | 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃamʃ/ | 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ | 𐎌𐎔𐎌 /ʃapʃ/ | שמש /ʃamʃ/ | *šamš- /šamš/ | חמה /ħamːa/ | 𐩦𐩣𐩪 /ʃams/ |
| Lua | 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jiraħ/ | 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jaraħ/ | 𐎊𐎗𐎈 /jaːriχ/ | שהר /sahr/ | *warḫ- /warḫ/ | לבנה /levɑnɑ/ | 𐩥𐩧𐩭 /warχ/ |
| Estrela | 𐤊𐤊𐤁 /koːkab/ | 𐤊𐤊𐤁 /koːkab/ | 𐎋𐎁𐎋𐎁 /kabkabu/ | כוכב /kawkab/ | *kawkab- /kawkab/ | כּוֹכָב /koˈxav/ | 𐩫𐩨𐩫𐩨 /kabkab/ |
| Noite | 𐤋𐤋 /lajl/ | 𐤋𐤋 /lajl/ | 𐎍𐎍 /lajlu/ | לליא /leːljaː/ | *layl- /lajl/ | לילה /ˈlajla/ | 𐩡𐩺𐩡 /lajl/ |
| Chuva | 𐤌𐤈𐤓 /maˈtˤar/ | 𐤌𐤈𐤓 /maˈtˤar/ | 𐎎𐎉𐎗 /maːˈtˤaru/ | 𐡌𐡈𐡓 /maːtˤar/ | *maṭar- /maṭar/ | גשם /ˈɡeʃem/ | 𐩹𐩬𐩣 /ðanam/ |
| Vento | 𐤓𐤅𐤇 /ruːħ/ | 𐤓𐤇 /riːħ/ | 𐎗𐎈 /riːħu/ | 𐡓𐡅𐡇 /riːħ/ | *rīḥ- /riːħ/ | רוח /ˈruaħ/ | — |
| Terra | 𐤀𐤓𐤑 /ʔarsˤ/ | 𐤀𐤓𐤑 /ʔarsˤ/ | 𐎀𐎗𐎕 /ʔarsˤu/ | 𐡀𐡓𐡒 /ʔarq/ | *ʔarṣ̂- /ʔarsˤ/ | קרקע /ˈqarqaʕ/ | 𐩱𐩧𐩳 /ʔardˤ/ |
| Pedra | 𐤀𐤁𐤍 /ʔaben/ | 𐤀𐤁𐤍 /ʔaben/ | 𐎀𐎁𐎐 /ʔabnu/ | אבן /ʔaben/ | *ʔabn- /ʔabn/ | אבן /ˈʔɛvɛn/ | 𐩱𐩨𐩬 /ʔabn/ |
| Mãe | 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ | 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ | 𐎜𐎎 /ʔumm/ | אמ /ʔem/ | *ʔimm- /ʔimm/ | אם /ʔem/ | 𐩱𐩣 /ʔumm/ |
| Pai | 𐤀𐤁 /ʔab/ | 𐤀𐤁 /ʔab/ | 𐎜𐎁 /ʔabu/ | אב /ʔab/ | *ʔab- /ʔab/ | אב /ʔɑv/ | 𐩱𐩨 /ʔab/ |
| Filha | 𐤁𐤕 /bat/ | 𐤁𐤕 /bat/ | 𐎁𐎚 /bittu/ | ברת /bart/ | *bint- /bint/ | בת /bat/ | 𐩨𐩬𐩩 /bint/ |
| Eu | 𐤀𐤍𐤊 /ʔanoːk/ | 𐤀𐤍𐤊 /ʔanoːkiː/ | 𐎀𐎐𐎋 /ʔanaːku/ | אנה /ʔanaː/ | *ʔanāku /ʔanāku/ | אֲנִי /ʔaˈni/ | 𐩱𐩬 /ʔana/ |
| Tu | 𐤀𐤕 /ʔatta/ | 𐤀𐤕 /ʔatta/ | 𐎀𐎚 /ʔatta/ | אנת /ʔantaː/ | *ʔanta /ʔanta/ | אַתָּה /ʔaˈta/ | 𐩱𐩬𐩩 /ʔanta/ |
| Nós | 𐤀𐤍𐤇𐤍 /ʔanaħnu/ | 𐤀𐤍𐤇𐤍 /ʔanaħnu/ | — /—/ | אנחנא /ʔanaħnaː/ | *niḥnu /niħnu/ | אָנוּ /ʔaˈnu/ | — /—/ |
| Nome | 𐤔𐤌 /ʃim/ | 𐤔𐤌 /ʃem/ | 𐎌𐎎 /ʃumu/ | שם /ʃum/ | *šim- /šim/ | שֵׁם /ʃem/ | 𐩪𐩣 /sim/ |
| Pessoa | 𐤀𐤔 /ʔiːʃ/ | 𐤀𐤃𐤌 /ʔadam/ | 𐎎𐎚 /mutu/ | אנש /ʔenaːʃ/ | *ʔināš- /ʔinaːʃ/ | אדם /ʔaˈdam/ | 𐩱𐩬𐩪 /ʔins/ |
| Cabeça | 𐤓𐤀𐤔 /ruːʃ/ | 𐤓𐤀𐤔 /ruːʃ/ | 𐎗𐎛𐎌 /raʔʃu/ | — | *raʔš- /raʔš/ | ראש /roʃ/ | 𐩧𐩱𐩪 /raʔs/ |
| Olho | 𐤏𐤍 /ʕajin/ | 𐤏𐤍 /ʕajin/ | 𐎓𐎐 /ʕajnu/ | עין /ʕajn/ | *ʕayn- /ʕayn/ | עין /ʕajin/ | 𐩲𐩺𐩬 /ʕajn/ |
| Orelha | 𐤀𐤆𐤍 /ʔuzn/ | 𐤀𐤆𐤍 /ʔuzn/ | 𐎜𐎄𐎐 /ʔudn/ | 𐡀𐡃𐡍𐡀 /ʔuðnaː/ | *ʔuḏn- /ʔuðn/ | אוזן /ˈozen/ | 𐩱𐩹𐩬 /ʔuðn/ |
| Boca | 𐤐 /peː/ | 𐤐 /peː/ | 𐎔 /puː/ | פם /pum/ | *pay- /paj/ | פה /pe/ | 𐩰𐩣 /fam/ |
| Dente | 𐤔𐤍 /ʃen/ | 𐤔𐤍 /ʃen/ | 𐎌𐎐 /ʃinːu/ | שנא /ʃenːaː/ | *šinn- /ʃinː/ | שן /ʃen/ | 𐩦𐩬 /ʃinː/ |
| Língua | 𐤋𐤔𐤍 /laʃon/ | 𐤋𐤔𐤍 /laʃon/ | 𐎍𐎌𐎐 /laʃaːnu/ | לשנא /liʃːaːnaː/ | *lišān- /liʃaːn/ | לשון /laˈʃon/ | 𐩡𐩪𐩬 /lisaːn/ |
| Mão | 𐤉𐤃 /jad/ | 𐤉𐤃 /jad/ | 𐎊𐎄 /jadu/ | יד /jad/ | *yad- /yad/ | יד /jɑd/ | 𐩺𐩵 /jad/ |
| Pé | 𐤐𐤏𐤌 /paʕam/ | 𐤐𐤏𐤌 /paʕam/ | 𐎔𐎓𐎐 /paʕnu/ | רגל /reɡel/ | *rigl- /rigl/ | רגל /ˈreɡel/ | 𐩧𐩴𐩡 /riɡl/ |
| Coração | 𐤋𐤁 /lib/ | 𐤋𐤁 /lib/ | 𐎍𐎁 /libbu/ | לב /leb/ | *libb- /libb/ | לב /lev/ | 𐩡𐩨 /lubb/ |
| Osso | 𐤏𐤑𐤌 /ʕasˤm/ | 𐤏𐤑𐤌 /ʕasˤm/ | 𐎓𐎑𐎎 /ʕaðˤmu/ | גרמא /ɡarmaː/ | *ʕaṯ̣m- /ʕaθˤm/ | עצם /ʕɛsˤɛm/ | 𐩲𐩼𐩣 /ʕaðˤm/ |
| Sangue | 𐤃𐤌 /dom/ | 𐤃𐤌 /dam/ | 𐎄𐎎 /damu/ | דמא /dmaː/ | *dam- /dam/ | דם /dam/ | 𐩵𐩣 /dam/ |
| Amor | — /—/ | — /—/ | 𐎜𐎈𐎁 /ʔaːhab/ | רחם /raħem/ | — /—/ | אהבה /ʔɑhɑvɑ/ | 𐩥𐩵𐩵 /wadda/ |
| Árvore | 𐤏𐤑 /ʕisˤ/ | 𐤏𐤑 /ʕesˤ/ | 𐎓𐎕 /ʕasˤu/ | עץ /ʕeːsˤ/ | *ʕiṣ́- /ʕiṣ́/ | אילן /ʔilɑn/ | 𐩲𐩳 /ʕaːdˤ/ |
| Cão | 𐤊𐤋𐤁 /kalb/ | 𐤊𐤋𐤁 /kalb/ | 𐎋𐎍𐎁 /kalbu/ | כלב /kalb/ | *kalb- /kalb/ | כלב /kelev/ | 𐩫𐩡𐩨 /kalb/ |
| Gato | — /—/ | 𐤔𐤍𐤓 /ʃunaːr/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | חתול /ħɑtul/ | — /—/ |
| Peixe | 𐤃𐤂 /daɡ/ | 𐤃𐤂 /daɡ/ | 𐎄𐎂 /daɡu/ | נונא /nuːnaː/ | *nūn- /nuːn/ | דג /daɡ/ | — /—/ |
| Pássaro | 𐤑𐤐𐤓 /sˤippor/ | — | 𐎓𐎕𐎗 /ʕusˤsˤuːru/ | צפר /sˤippar/ | *ʕuṣṣūr- /ʕuṣṣūr/ | עוף /ʕof/ | — |
| Casa | 𐤁𐤕 /beːt/ | 𐤁𐤕 /beːt/ | 𐎁𐎚 /bajtu/ | בית /beːt/ | *bayt- /bayt/ | בית /bajit/ | 𐩨𐩺𐩩 /bajt/ |
| Leite | 𐤇𐤋𐤁 /ħaliːb/ | 𐤇𐤋𐤁 /ħalab/ | 𐎈𐎍𐎁 /ħalabu/ | — | *ḥalab- /ħalab/ | חלב /ħaˈlav/ | 𐩢𐩡𐩨 /ħalab/ |
| Mel | 𐤍𐤐𐤕 /nofet/ | — | 𐎐𐎁𐎚 /nubtu/ | דבשא /debʃaː/ | *dibš- /dibʃ/ | דבש /dəvaʃ/ | — /—/ |
| Vinho | 𐤉𐤍 /jeːn/ | 𐤉𐤍 /jeːn/ | 𐎊𐎐 /jenu/ | חמרא /ħamraː/ | *wayn- /wajn/ | יין /ˈjajin/ | — |
| Ferro | 𐤁𐤓𐤆𐤋 /barzel/ | 𐤁𐤓𐤆𐤋 /barzel/ | 𐎁𐎗𐎏𐎍 /barðilu/ | פרזל /parzel/ | — | ברזל /barˈzel/ | — |
| Comer | 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ | 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ | 𐎍𐎈𐎎 /laħam/ | אכל /ʔakal/ | *ʔakal- /ʔakal/ | אוכל /ʔoχel/ | — /—/ |
| Beber | 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ | 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ | 𐎌𐎚𐎊 /ʃataju/ | שתה /ʃataː/ | *šatay- /šatay/ | שותה /ʃote/ | 𐩪𐩩𐩺 /sataja/ |
| Um | 𐤀𐤇𐤃 /ʔeħad/ | 𐤀𐤇𐤃 /ʔeħad/ | 𐎀𐎈𐎄 /ʔaːħadu/ | חד /ħad/ | *ʔaḥad- /ʔaḥad/ | אחד /ʔeħɑd/ | 𐩱𐩢𐩵 /ʔaħad/ |
| Dois | 𐤔𐤍𐤌 /ʃnem/ | 𐤔𐤍𐤌 /ʃnem/ | 𐎘𐎐 /θnaː/ | תרין /treːn/ | *ṯin- /ṯin/ | שְׁנַיִם /ʃəˈnajim/ | 𐩻𐩬𐩺 /θanay/ |
| Três | 𐤔𐤋𐤔 /ʃaloːʃ/ | 𐤔𐤋𐤔 /ʃaloʃ/ | 𐎘𐎍𐎘 /θalaːθu/ | תלת /tlaːt/ | *ṯalāṯ- /θalaːθ/ | שלוש /ʃaˈloʃ/ | 𐩻𐩡𐩻 /θalaːθ/ |
| Quatro | 𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤏 /ʔarbaʕ/ | 𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤏 /ʔarbaʕ/ | 𐎀𐎗𐎁𐎓 /ʔarbaʕu/ | ארבע /ʔarbaʕ/ | *ʼarbaʻ- /ʔarbaʕ/ | ארבע /ʔarˈbaʕ/ | 𐩱𐩧𐩨𐩲 /ʔarbaʕ/ |
| Cinco | 𐤇𐤌𐤔 /ħameʃ/ | 𐤇𐤌𐤔 /ħameʃ/ | 𐎃𐎎𐎌 /χamʃu/ | חמש /ħamːeʃ/ | *ḫamš- /χamʃ/ | חמש /ħaˈmeʃ/ | 𐩭𐩣𐩪 /xams/ |
| Cem | 𐤌𐤀𐤕 /miʔat/ | 𐤌𐤀𐤕 /miʔat/ | 𐎎𐎛𐎚 /miʔatu/ | מאה /maː/ | *miʾat- /miʔat/ | מאה /meˈʔa/ | 𐩣𐩱𐩩 /miʔat/ |
| Olá | 𐤔𐤋𐤌 /ʃaloːm/ | 𐤔𐤋𐤌 /ʃalom/ | 𐎌𐎍𐎎 /ʃalaːmu/ | שלם /ʃəlaːm/ | — /—/ | שלום /ʃɑlom/ | 𐩪𐩡𐩣 /salaːm/ |
| Obrigado | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | תודה /todɑ/ | 𐩢𐩣𐩵 /ħamad/ |
| Bom | 𐤈𐤁 /tˤob/ | 𐤈𐤁 /tˤob/ | 𐎉𐎁 /tˤaːbu/ | טב /tˤab/ | *ṭāb- /ṭāb/ | טוב /tov/ | — /—/ |
| Novo | 𐤇𐤃𐤔 /ħadaʃ/ | — | 𐎈𐎄𐎘 /ħadaːθu/ | — | *ḥad(i)ṯ- /ħadiθ/ | חדש /ħaˈdaʃ/ | — |
| Vermelho | 𐤀𐤃𐤌 /ʔadom/ | 𐤀𐤃𐤌 /ʔadom/ | 𐎀𐎄𐎎 /ʔadam/ | סמק /summaːq/ | *ʔadam- /ʔadam/ | אדום /ʔaˈdom/ | — /—/ |
| Branco | 𐤋𐤁𐤍 /laban/ | 𐤋𐤁𐤍 /laban/ | 𐎍𐎁𐎐 /laban/ | חור /ħewːaːr/ | *laban- /laban/ | לבן /lɑˈvɑn/ | — |
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