Kĩembu
Embu
Níger-Congo (atlântico-congo, Bantu, E.50)
O embu (kĩembu) é uma língua banta das terras altas do centro do Quênia, falada pelo povo embu do condado de Embu e dos condados vizinhos de Tharaka-Nithi e Kirinyaga, nas encostas sudeste do monte Quênia, com cerca de 600 mil falantes. Pertence ao grupo banto E.50 (banto do centro do Quênia) juntamente com o quicuio (ki, kik), o meru (mer), o kamba (kam) e outras, e compartilha muitos cognatos e traços gramaticais com esses vizinhos. Como outras línguas bantas, o embu possui um sistema de classes nominais (~18 classes), morfologia verbal aglutinante e fonologia tonal. Reconhecida como língua indígena queniana sob a constituição de 2010. Forte tradição oral; tradução da Bíblia concluída no final do século XX.
Onde é falada
87 palavras essenciais em embu
Fontes
- Ethnologue: ebu
- Mwaniki (1973) The Living History of Embu and Mbeere
- Maho (2009) NUGL Online (Bantu E.50 group)
Palavras comparadas
Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: Níger-Congo (atlântico-congo, Bantu, E.50)
| Significado | Embu | Kikuiu | Meru | Kamba | Nyaturu | Asu | Shambala |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | manjĩ /maɲdʒe/ | maaĩ /maːe/ | rũũjĩ /ɾoːdʒe/ | kĩwʼũ /kiwu/ | maji /madʒi/ | mende /mende/ | mazi /mazi/ |
| Fogo | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwanki /mwaŋki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | moto /moto/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ |
| Sol | riũa /ɾioa/ | riũa /ɾioa/ | riũa /ɾioa/ | syũa /sjua/ | yura /juɾa/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ |
| Lua | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | mwei /mwei/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ |
| Estrela | njata /ɲdʒata/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ | njota /ndʒɔta/ | nzaĩ /nzai/ | njota /ndʒota/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ |
| Noite | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ũtukũ /utuku/ | utiku /utiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | kilo /kilo/ |
| Chuva | mbura /mbura/ | mbura /ˈmbura/ | ngai /ŋɡai/ | mbua /ˈmbua/ | mbura /mbura/ | mvua /mvua/ | fula /fula/ |
| Neve | ĩra /eɾa/ | ira /ˈiɾa/ | nkamia /ŋkamia/ | ĩa /ĩa/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | — |
| Vento | rũkũngi /ɾokoŋɡi/ | rũhuho /ɾòhùːhɔ̀/ | ruuo /ɾuːɔ/ | kĩseve /kiseve/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | mpeho /mpeho/ |
| Terra | mũthetu /moðɛtu/ | tĩĩri /teːɾi/ | mũthetu /moðɛtu/ | muthanga /muθaŋɡa/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ |
| Pedra | ĩthiga /eðiɡa/ | ihiga /iˈhiɣa/ | iiga /iːɡa/ | ivia /ivia/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Montanha | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | kĩĩma /kiːma/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | muima /muima/ |
| Mar | ĩria /eɾia/ | — | ĩria /eɾia/ | ũkanga /ukaŋɡa/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | bahari /bahari/ | bahali /bahali/ |
| Mãe | nyanya /ɲaɲa/ | maitũ /maito/ | mami /mami/ | mwaitũ /mwaitu/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Pai | vava /βaβa/ | baba /baba/ | baaba /baːba/ | asa /asa/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | tate /tate/ |
| Filha | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ | mwĩĩtu /mwiːtu/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ |
| Eu | nie /niɛ/ | niĩ /nie/ | ni /ni/ | nyie /ɲie/ | une /une/ | mine /mine/ | imi /imi/ |
| Tu | we /wɛ/ | wee /wɛː/ | gwe /ɡwɛ/ | we /we/ | uwe /uwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Nós | tue /tuɛ/ | ithuĩ /iðue/ | tuĩ /tue/ | ithye /iðje/ | sese /sese/ | uswi /uswi/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ |
| Nome | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | ĩsyĩtwa /isʲitwa/ | rina /ɾina/ | izina /izina/ | zina /zina/ |
| Pessoa | mũndũ /mondo/ | mũndũ /mondo/ | muntũ /munto/ | mũndũ /mundu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mntu /mntu/ | mntu /mntu/ |
| Cabeça | kĩongo /keɔŋɡɔ/ | mũtwe /motwɛ/ | mũtwe /motwɛ/ | mũtwe /mutwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwi /mtwi/ |
| Olho | riitho /ɾiːðɔ/ | riitho /riːðɔ/ | riitho /ɾiːðɔ/ | ĩtho /iθo/ | riho /riho/ | iiso /iːso/ | zisho /ziʃo/ |
| Orelha | gũtũ /ɡoto/ | gũtũ /ɣoto/ | gũtũ /ɡoto/ | kutu /kutu/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | isikio /isikio/ | shikio /ʃikio/ |
| Nariz | ĩniũrũ /enioɾo/ | iniũrũ /inioɾo/ | nyiũrũ /ɲioɾo/ | inyũũ /iɲuː/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | fua /fua/ | mpua /mpua/ |
| Boca | kanyua /kaɲua/ | kanua /kaˈnua/ | kanyua /kaɲua/ | kanywa /kaɲwa/ | momo /momo/ | momo /momo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ |
| Dente | ĩgego /eɡɛɡɔ/ | igego /iɣɛɣɔ/ | ĩĩgo /eːɡɔ/ | ĩyo /ĩjo/ | ino /ino/ | jino /dʒino/ | zino /zino/ |
| Língua | rũrĩmĩ /roɾeme/ | rũrĩmĩ /ɾoɾeme/ | rũũme /ɾoːmɛ/ | ũĩmi /uimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ |
| Mão | kĩvoko /keβɔkɔ/ | guoko /ɡuɔkɔ/ | njara /ndʒaɾa/ | kwʼoko /kwoko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | mkono /mkono/ | mkono /mkono/ |
| Pé | kũgũrũ /koɡoro/ | kũgũrũ /koɣoro/ | kũgũrũ /koɡoɾo/ | kũũ /kuː/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | mulundi /mulundi/ |
| Coração | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ | nkoro /ŋkɔɾɔ/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | umutima /umutima/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| Osso | ĩvĩndĩ /evende/ | ihĩndĩ /ihende/ | mwĩndĩndĩ /mwendende/ | ĩvĩndĩ /ivindi/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | vuha /vuha/ |
| Sangue | nthakame /nðakamɛ/ | thakame /ðakamɛ/ | tharike /ðaɾikɛ/ | nthakame /nðakame/ | sakami /sakami/ | sakame /sakame/ | mpome /mpome/ |
| Amor | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | wendo /wendo/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | lumba /lumba/ | kukunda /kukunda/ |
| Árvore | mũtĩ /mote/ | mũtĩ /mote/ | mũtĩ /mote/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | umuti /umuti/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ |
| Cão | ngui /ŋɡui/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | kurũ /kuɾo/ | ngitĩ /ŋɡiti/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kuli /kuli/ |
| Gato | nyau /ɲau/ | nyaũ /ɲao/ | nyau /ɲau/ | mbaka /mbaka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | nyau /ɲau/ |
| Peixe | nthamaki /nðamaki/ | thamaki /ðamaki/ | gĩkũyũ /ɡekojo/ | ikoyo /ikojo/ | somba /somba/ | samaki /samaki/ | samaki /samaki/ |
| Pássaro | gĩconi /ɡetʃɔni/ | nyoni /ˈɲɔni/ | nyoni /ɲɔni/ | nyunyi /ɲuɲi/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | deghe /deɣe/ |
| Ovo | ĩtumbĩ /etumbe/ | itumbĩ /itumbe/ | nkara /ŋkaɾa/ | itumbi /itumbi/ | ighe /iɣe/ | igi /iɡi/ | tagi /taɡi/ |
| Cavalo | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | mbalasi /mbalasi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | farasi /farasi/ | faashi /faːʃi/ |
| Casa | nyomba /ɲɔmba/ | nyũmba /ɲomba/ | nyomba /ɲɔmba/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Leite | ĩriia /eɾiːa/ | iria /iria/ | ĩria /eɾia/ | iia /iːa/ | maya /maja/ | mavee /maveː/ | mele /mele/ |
| Mel | ũũkĩ /oːke/ | ũũkĩ /oːke/ | nainchũ /naintʃo/ | ũkĩ /uki/ | ruke /ruke/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | woki /woki/ |
| Sal | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | chumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | mũnyũ /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Vinho | ndivei /ndiβei/ | ndibei /ndibɛi/ | ndibei /ndibɛi/ | mbinyu /mbiɲu/ | divai /divai/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ |
| Ferro | cuma /tʃuma/ | kĩgera /keˈɣɛra/ | chuma /tʃuːma/ | kyũma /kjuma/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | kiama /kiama/ |
| Roda | nthugũ /nðuɡo/ | kĩgaragari /keɣaraɣari/ | — | ndĩa /ndia/ | — | — | — |
| Seda | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | — | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | hariri /hariri/ | halili /halili/ |
| Livro | ĩvuku /evuku/ | ibuku /iβuku/ | yuku /juku/ | ĩvuku /ivuku/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ |
| Comer | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | kũya /kuja/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kurya /kurja/ | kuja /kuɟa/ |
| Beber | kũnyua /koɲua/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ | kũnywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Dormir | kũmama /komama/ | gũkoma /ɣoˈkɔma/ | kũmama /komama/ | koma /koma/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ |
| Um | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | umwe /umwe/ | imwe /imwe/ | ṅwenga /ŋwenɡa/ |
| Dois | igĩrĩ /iɡeɾe/ | igĩrĩ /iɣeɾe/ | ijĩĩrĩ /idʒeːɾe/ | ilĩ /ili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | avili /aβili/ | mbili /mbili/ |
| Três | ithatũ /iðato/ | ithatũ /iðato/ | ithatũ /iðato/ | itatu /itatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | adatu /adatu/ | katatu /katatu/ |
| Quatro | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | inne /inːe/ | — | kane /kaːne/ |
| Cinco | ithano /iðanɔ/ | ithano /iðanɔ/ | ithaano /iðaːnɔ/ | itano /itano/ | itano /itano/ | — | kashano /kaʃano/ |
| Cem | ĩgana /eɡana/ | igana /iɣana/ | ĩgana /eɡana/ | ĩana /iana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | gana /ɡana/ |
| Olá | wĩ mwaro /we mwaɾɔ/ | wĩmwega /wemwɛɡa/ | muuga /muːɡa/ | mwĩaĩle /mwiaile/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | — /—/ |
| Obrigado | — /—/ | nĩ wega /ne wɛɡa/ | nĩ bwega /ne bwɛɡa/ | nĩ vinya /ni viɲa/ | asante /aˈsante/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | asante /asante/ |
| Bom | mwaro /mwaɾɔ/ | wega /wɛɡa/ | mwega /mwɛɡa/ | museo /museo/ | kihi /kihi/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | mtana /mtana/ |
| Novo | gĩcerũ /ɡetʃɛɾo/ | kĩerũ /keɛro/ | kĩerũ /keɛɾo/ | mweũ /mweu/ | mpya /mpja/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | mpya /mpja/ |
| Vermelho | ndune /ndunɛ/ | ũtune /otunɛ/ | ntuune /ntuːnɛ/ | ndune /nduneː/ | ntune /ntune/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ |
| Branco | njerũ /ndʒɛɾo/ | werũ /wɛro/ | njerũ /ndʒɛɾo/ | nzaũ /nzau/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ |
| Preto | mbirũ /mbiɾo/ | ũirũ /oiro/ | njirũ /ndʒiɾo/ | nziũ /nziu/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | size /size/ |
| Azul | vururu /βuɾuɾu/ | bururu /bururu/ | — | mbuluu /mbuluː/ | — | — | — |
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