Ma'anyan
Austronésia (East Barito)
O ma'anyan é uma língua do ramo barito oriental da família austronésia, falada por cerca de 150 000 dayaks Ma'anyan no Kalimantan Central, na Indonésia — sobretudo na regência de Barito Timur (Barito Oriental), em torno de Tamiang Layang, com comunidades no vizinho Kalimantan do Sul. É célebre como o parente vivo mais próximo do malgaxe de Madagáscar: as evidências linguísticas e genéticas situam na região do Barito Oriental a pátria dos navegadores austronésios que atravessaram o oceano Índico para povoar Madagáscar por volta de 350–550 d.C., uma das mais longas migrações da pré-história humana. O parentesco aparece com clareza no vocabulário básico: os numerais isa', rueh, telo, epat, dime correspondem ao malgaxe iray/roa/telo/efatra/dimy. Escrito em alfabeto latino, o ma'anyan é hoje uma língua oral doméstica, cujos falantes costumam dominar também o malaio banjar e o indonésio.
Onde é falada
87 palavras essenciais em ma'anyan
Fontes
Palavras comparadas
Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: Austronésia (East Barito)
| Significado | Ma'anyan | Ngaju | Malaio antigo | Banjar | Sasak | Kadazan-dusun | Minangkabau |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | ranuʔ /ranuʔ/ | danum /danum/ | air /air/ | banyu /baɲu/ | aiq /aiʔ/ | waig /waiɡ/ | aia /aia/ |
| Fogo | apuy /apuj/ | apui /apui/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | tapui /tapui/ | api /api/ |
| Sol | mate andrau /mate andrau/ | matanandau /matanandau/ | matari /matari/ | matahari /matahari/ | jelo /dʒəlo/ | todau /todau/ | matoari /matoaɾi/ |
| Lua | wulan /wulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | vulan /vulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Estrela | wawahiaŋ /wawahiaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | rombituon /rombituon/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Noite | kamalem /kamalem/ | hamalem /hamaləm/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | malem /maləm/ | sodop /sodop/ | malam /malam/ |
| Chuva | uran /uran/ | ujan /udʒan/ | — | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | rasam /rasam/ | ujan /ˈudʒan/ |
| Vento | riwut /riwut/ | riwut /riwut/ | — | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | ribut /ribut/ | angin /aŋin/ |
| Terra | taneʔ /taneʔ/ | petak /petak/ | — | tanah /tanah/ | tanaq /tanaʔ/ | tana /tana/ | tanah /tanah/ |
| Pedra | watu /watu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ |
| Montanha | gunuŋ /ɡunuŋ/ | bukit /bukit/ | — | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | nuluhon /nuluhon/ | gunuang /ɡunuaŋ/ |
| Mar | tahik /tahik/ | tasik /tasik/ | — | laut /laut/ | segare /səɡarə/ | rahat /rahat/ | lauik /lauiʔ/ |
| Mãe | ineh /ineh/ | indu /indu/ | ibu /ibu/ | uma /uma/ | inaq /inaʔ/ | tina /tina/ | amak /amaʔ/ |
| Pai | amah /amah/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | abah /abah/ | amaq /amaʔ/ | tama /tama/ | abak /abaʔ/ |
| Eu | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | yoku /joku/ | ambo /ambo/ |
| Tu | hañuʔ /haɲuʔ/ | ikau /ikau/ | kamu /kamu/ | ikam /ikam/ | side /sidə/ | ika /ika/ | ang /aŋ/ |
| Nós | takam /takam/ | itah / ikei /itah / ikei/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ite / kami /itə / kami/ | tokou / yahai /tokou / jahai/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ |
| Nome | ŋaran /ŋaran/ | aran /aran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | aran /aran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | namo /namo/ |
| Pessoa | ulun /ulun/ | uluh /uluh/ | — | urang /uraŋ/ | dengan /dəŋan/ | tulun /tulun/ | urang /uraŋ/ |
| Cabeça | uluʔ /uluʔ/ | takuluk /takuluk/ | — | kapala /kapala/ | otak /otak/ | tulu /tulu/ | kapalo /kapalo/ |
| Olho | mate /mate/ | mate /mate/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mate /matə/ | mato /mato/ | mato /mato/ |
| Orelha | siluʔ /siluʔ/ | pinding /pindiŋ/ | — | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | kentok /kəntok/ | tolingo /toliŋo/ | talingo /taliŋo/ |
| Nariz | uruŋ /uruŋ/ | urung /uruŋ/ | — | hidung /hiduŋ/ | irung /iruŋ/ | todung /toduŋ/ | iduang /iduaŋ/ |
| Boca | wawaʔ /wawaʔ/ | nyama /ɲama/ | — | muntung /muntuŋ/ | biwih /biwih/ | kabang /kabaŋ/ | muluik /muluiʔ/ |
| Dente | dipen /dipen/ | kasinga /kasiŋa/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | nipon /nipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Língua | lelaʔ /lelaʔ/ | jela /dʒelaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ | ilat /ilat/ | elaq /əlaʔ/ | dilaʼ /dilaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Mão | taŋan /taŋan/ | lengen /ləŋən/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ime /imə/ | longon /ˈloŋon/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Pé | peʔe /peʔe/ | pai /pai/ | — | batis /batis/ | naé /nae/ | gakod /ɡakod/ | kaki /kaki/ |
| Coração | atei /atei/ | atei /atei/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | ate /ate/ | ginawo /ɡinawo/ | ati /ati/ |
| Osso | taʔulaŋ /taʔulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tolang /tolaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Sangue | iraʔ /iraʔ/ | daha /dahaʔ/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | daraq /daraʔ/ | rahaʼ /rahaʔ/ | darah /darah/ |
| Cocô | edeh /edeh/ | tai /tai/ | — | tahi /tahi/ | tai /tai/ | taiiʼ /taiːʔ/ | cirik /tʃiɾiʔ/ |
| Amor | sinta /sinta/ | sinta /sinta/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | tresne /trəsnə/ | gimbai /ɡimbai/ | cinto /tʃinto/ |
| Árvore | kakaw /kakaw/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | lolon kayu /lolon kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Cão | antahuʔ /antahuʔ/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | acong /aˈtʃoŋ/ | tasu /tasu/ | anjiang /aɲdʒiaŋ/ |
| Gato | using /usiŋ/ | posa /posa/ | — /—/ | pusa /pusa/ | meong /meoŋ/ | tingau /tiŋau/ | kuciang /kutʃiaŋ/ |
| Peixe | kenah /kenah/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ | ikan /ikan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | empaq /əmpaʔ/ | sadaʼ /ˈsadaʔ/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Pássaro | wuruŋ /wuruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | kedit /kədit/ | tombolog /tomboloɡ/ | buruang /buruaŋ/ |
| Borboleta | laluŋ /laluŋ/ | kakupu /kakupuʔ/ | — | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | kuhibambang /kuhibambaŋ/ | ramo-ramo /ramo ramo/ |
| Ovo | ateluy /ateluj/ | tanteluh /tantəluh/ | — | hintalu /hintalu/ | teloq /təloʔ/ | tontolu /tontoluʔ/ | talua /talua/ |
| Urso | wayuaŋ /wajuaŋ/ | bahuang /bahuaŋ/ | — | biruang /biruaŋ/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | bohuang /bohuaŋ/ | baribeh /baribeh/ |
| Casa | lewuʔ /lewuʔ/ | huma /huma/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | bale /bale/ | walai /walai/ | rumah /ɾumah/ |
| Mel | rio wani /rio wani/ | madu /madu/ | — | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | pahaʼ /pahaʔ/ | madu /madu/ |
| Sal | raŋi /raŋi/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | uyah /ujah/ | sie /siə/ | tusi /tusi/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Vinho | aŋgur /aŋɡur/ | anggor /aŋɡor/ | — | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | waig dot anggur /waiɡ dot aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ |
| Arroz | weah /weah/ | behas /behas/ | — | baras /baras/ | beras /bəras/ | wagas /waɡas/ | bareh /bareh/ |
| Ferro | jataŋ /dʒataŋ/ | wasi /wasi/ | — | wasi /ˈwasi/ | besi /bəsi/ | basiʼ /basiʔ/ | basi /ˈbasi/ |
| Seda | sutera /sutera/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | sutra /sutra/ | sutre /sutrə/ | sutaraʼ /sutaraʔ/ | suto /suto/ |
| Livro | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | — | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buuk /buːk/ | buku /buku/ |
| Comer | kuman /kuman/ | kuman /kuman/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangakan /maŋakan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Beber | ŋoʔot /ŋoʔot/ | mihop /mihop/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | nginem /ŋinəm/ | monginum /moŋinum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Dormir | manreʔ /manreʔ/ | batiruh /batiruh/ | tidur /tidur/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tindoq /tindoʔ/ | modop /modop/ | lalok /laloʔ/ |
| Um | isaʔ /isaʔ/ | ije /ije/ | sa /sa/ | asa /asa/ | sekéq /səkeʔ/ | iso /iso/ | ciek /tʃieʔ/ |
| Dois | rueh /rueh/ | due /ˈdue/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | due /duə/ | duo /duwo/ | duo /duo/ |
| Três | telo /telo/ | telo /təlo/ | tlu /tlu/ | talu /talu/ | telu /təlu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tigo /tiɡo/ |
| Quatro | epat /epat/ | epat /əpat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | ampat /ampat/ | empat /əmpat/ | apat /apat/ | ampek /ampeʔ/ |
| Cinco | dime /dime/ | lime /lime/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /limə/ | limo /limo/ | limo /limo/ |
| Cem | jatuh /jatuh/ | saratus /saratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | satus /satus/ | hatus /hatus/ | saratuih /saratuih/ |
| Olá | tabe /tabe/ | salamat /salamat/ | — /—/ | salam /salam/ | salam /salam/ | kopivosian /kopivosian/ | salam /salam/ |
| Obrigado | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tampi asih /tampi asih/ | pounsikou /pounsikou/ | tarimo kasiah /taɾimo kasiah/ |
| Bom | maʔeh /maʔeh/ | bahalap /bahalap/ | baik /baik/ | bagus /baɡus/ | solah /solah/ | avasi /avasi/ | rancak /ɾantʃaʔ/ |
| Novo | waʔu /waʔu/ | taheta /taheta/ | — | hanyar /haɲar/ | baru /baru/ | wagu /waɡu/ | baru /baru/ |
| Vermelho | mariaŋ /mariaŋ/ | bahandang /bahandaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | habang /habaŋ/ | beaq /beaʔ/ | aragang /araɡaŋ/ | sirah /siɾah/ |
| Branco | mahilak /mahilak/ | baputi /baputi/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putiq /putiʔ/ | opurak /opurak/ | putiah /putiah/ |
| Preto | maʔintem /maʔintem/ | babilem /babiləm/ | hitam /hitam/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | bideng /bidəŋ/ | oitom /oitom/ | itam /itam/ |
| Verde | kakuriŋ /kakuriŋ/ | bahijau /bahidʒau/ | — | hijau /hidʒau/ | ijo /idʒo/ | otomou /otomou/ | ijau /idʒau/ |
| 99 | suei pulu suei /suei pulu suei/ | jalatien puluh jalatien /dʒalatien puluh dʒalatien/ | — | sambilan puluh sambilan /sambilan puluh sambilan/ | siwaq pulu siwaq /siwaʔ pulu siwaʔ/ | siam nohopod om siam /siam nohopod om siam/ | sambilan puluah sambilan /sambilan puluah sambilan/ |
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