Ta-ang
Palaung shwe
Austroasiática
O shwe palaung (ta-ang, autônimo ta-ang) é uma língua mon-khmer palaúngica falada por cerca de 560 000 pessoas no norte do Estado de Shan, em Mianmar (em torno do centro cultural de Namhsan), com populações menores em Yunnan, na China, e comunidades de refugiados na Tailândia na sequência dos conflitos civis em Mianmar posteriores a 2011. A família palaúngica (palaung, wa, lawa, lamet, bulang/blang — cerca de 25 línguas, cerca de 2 milhões de falantes no total) é um dos principais subgrupos mon-khmer, distinto do grupo wa (wbm, etc.) embora ambos sejam palaúngicos. Linguisticamente, o shwe palaung compartilha com o wa traços palaúngicos: ordem de constituintes SVO, preposições, morfologia sesquissilábica (uma estrutura de sílaba menor + maior) e um rico inventário consonantal. A Elementary Palaung Grammar de Milne, de 1921, é a documentação missionária clássica; o trabalho acadêmico moderno de Janzen (1976) trata especificamente da fonologia do shwe palaung. O Exército de Libertação Nacional Ta-ang (TNLA) tem sido, desde 2009, uma importante força política que defende a autonomia palaung e os direitos linguísticos.
Onde é falada
87 palavras essenciais em palaung shwe
Fontes
Palavras comparadas
Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: Austroasiática
| Significado | Palaung shwe | De'ang rumai | Wa | Lawa oriental | Khmu | Protoaustroasiático | Língua wa parauk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | ʔoːm /ʔoːm/ | Ɂəm /ʔəm/ | rawm /rɔm/ | lʼauem /lᵊʔaɨ̯m/ | ʔom /ʔom/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | rom /rɔm/ |
| Fogo | ŋər /ŋar/ | ŋaiɁ /ŋaiʔ/ | ngu /ŋu/ | ngoa /ŋɔ/ | pʰrɨə /pʰrɨə/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ | ngū /ŋṳ/ |
| Sol | səŋi /saŋiː/ | saŋaj /saŋaj/ | singaix /siŋaiʔ/ | sngaiʼ /sᵊŋajˀ/ | mat briʔ /mat briʔ/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ | si ngāix /siŋa̤iʔ/ |
| Lua | plaŋ kiər /plaŋ kiər/ | pakjəː /pakjəː/ | khix /kʰiʔ/ | kheʼ /kʰeʔ/ | moŋ /moŋ/ | *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/ | kix /kʰiʔ/ |
| Estrela | səmiŋ /səmiŋ/ | laːw /laːw/ | simuing /simʔuɲ/ | sboeng /sᵊɓəŋ/ | sərmeɲ /sərmeɲ/ | *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/ | sim uing /sim ʔuɲ/ |
| Noite | hmɯ /m̥ɯ/ | kasəm /kasəm/ | ponsawm /ponsɔm/ | ma sauem /ma saɨ̯m/ | psɨəm /psɨəm/ | *cəːm /cəːm/ | som /sɔm/ |
| Chuva | ɟuŋ /ɟuŋ/ | klaːj /klaːj/ | lhiex /l̥ɛʔ/ | hlaiʼ /l̥ajˀ/ | kəmaʔ /kəmaʔ/ | *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/ | hliex /lʰɛʔ/ |
| Vento | khuːr /kʰuːr/ | khuː /kʰuː/ | bhaung /bʰaɯŋ/ | kaue /kaɨ̯/ | hndrəːj /hndrəːj/ | *kjɔʔ /kjɔʔ/ | npaeng /bʰaɯŋ/ |
| Terra | kəɗɛː /kəɗɛː/ | kataːj /kataːj/ | tiex /tɛʔ/ | — | pteʔ /pteʔ/ | *tiʔ /tiʔ/ | diex /tɛʔ/ |
| Pedra | mo /mo/ | maːw /maːw/ | simaox /simauʔ/ | smoʼ /sᵊmoʔ/ | glaŋ /ɡlaŋ/ | *tmɔʔ /tmɔʔ/ | si māox /sima̤uʔ/ |
| Montanha | sor /sor/ | kɔŋ /kɔŋ/ | gawng /ɡɔŋ/ | moa /mɔ/ | mok /mok/ | *bruʔ /bruʔ/ | mgōng /ɡɔ̤ŋ/ |
| Mãe | ma /ma/ | — /—/ | miex /mɛʔ/ | maʼ /maʔ/ | maʔ /maʔ/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | mīex /mɛ̤ʔ/ |
| Pai | kun /kun/ | — /—/ | keeing /kɯɲ/ | pueaʼ /pɨaʔ/ | joŋ /joŋ/ | *ɓa(ː)ʔ /ɓaːʔ/ | geeing /kɯɲ/ |
| Eu | ʔɔ /ʔɔ/ | Ɂaw /ʔaw/ | aux /ʔaɯʔ/ | ʔoʔ /ʔoʔ/ | oʔ /ʔoʔ/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ | aex /ʔaɯʔ/ |
| Tu | mi /miː/ | maj /maj/ | maix /maiʔ/ | maiʔ /maiʔ/ | meʔ /meʔ/ | *miːʔ /miːʔ/ | maix /maiʔ/ |
| Nós | ʔɛ / jɛ /ʔɛ / jɛ/ | — /—/ | ix /ʔiʔ/ | ʔɛ /ʔɛ/ | iʔ /ʔiʔ/ | *hiːʔ /hiːʔ/ | eix / ix /ʔeʔ / ʔiʔ/ |
| Nome | ʨɨː /ʨɨː/ | ʨɨː /tɕɨː/ | ceu kaux /tɕɤ kaɯʔ/ | yum /jɔm/ | sŋməh /sŋməh/ | *ɟmuh /ɟmuh/ | jē gaex /tɕɤ̤ kaɯʔ/ |
| Pessoa | bi /bi/ | taɁiː /taʔiː/ | pui /pui/ | pui /puj/ | gon /ɡon/ | *m-raʔ /mraʔ/ | būi /pṳi/ |
| Cabeça | kiŋ /kiŋ/ | kən /kən/ | kaing: /kaɲ/ | kany /kaɲ/ | kəmpoŋ /kəmpoŋ/ | *ɓoːkʔ /ɓoːkʔ/ | gaing /kaɲ/ |
| Olho | ŋaj /ŋaːj/ | ŋaːj /ŋaːj/ | ngai /ŋai/ | ʼia /ʔia̯/ | mat /mat/ | *mat /mat/ | ngai /ŋai/ |
| Orelha | hjɔʔ /hjɔʔ/ | ʨhok /tɕʰok/ | yhaok /j̊auk/ | — | rəməj /rəməj/ | *Ctoːr /Ctoːr/ | hyaog /ʑʰauk/ |
| Nariz | kɔŋmuh /kɔŋmuh/ | kaduŋmuh /kaduŋmuh/ | meeih /mɯih/ | maueh /maɨ̯h/ | muh /muh/ | *muh /muh/ | mēeih /mɯ̤ih/ |
| Boca | mur /mur/ | mojɁ /mojʔ/ | jheeh /dʑʰɯih/ | ʼmboam /ʔᵊᵐbɔm/ | tənɔh /tənɔh/ | *miəŋʔ /miəŋʔ/ | nqeeih /dʑʰɯih/ |
| Dente | hraŋ /r̥aːŋ/ | xaːŋ /xaːŋ/ | rhang /r̥aŋ/ | pioeng /piə̯ŋ/ | hraŋ /hraŋ/ | *lmVɲ /lməɲ/ | hrang /rʰaŋ/ |
| Língua | kərta /kərɗaʔ/ | sataɁ /sataʔ/ | dak /dak/ | tak /tak/ | həntak /həntak/ | *lntaːk /lntaːk/ | ndag /dak/ |
| Mão | ti /ɗiː/ | taiɁ /taiʔ/ | taix /taiʔ/ | miŋ /miŋ/ | tiʔ /tiʔ/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ | daix /taiʔ/ |
| Pé | ɟɯŋ /ɟɯŋ/ | ʥɔːn /dʑɔːn/ | caong /tʃaɔŋ/ | cuang /cua̯ŋ/ | krwɛh /krwɛh/ | *ɟəːŋ /ɟəːŋ/ | jāong /tɕa̤uŋ/ |
| Coração | nuər /nuər/ | poŋkanɔh /poŋkanɔh/ | rhawm /r̥ɔm/ | kavüa /kavɨa/ | tlɔːm ŋok /tlɔːm ŋok/ | *nuːɕ /nuːɕ/ | hrom /rʰɔm/ |
| Osso | kəʔaŋ /kaʔaːŋ/ | kaɁaːŋ /kaʔaːŋ/ | si-ang /siʔaŋ/ | sʼang /sᵊʔaŋ/ | cʼaaŋ /tʃʔaːŋ/ | *cʔaːŋ /cʔaːŋ/ | si ang /siʔaŋ/ |
| Sangue | hnam /n̥aːm/ | n̥aːm /n̥aːm/ | nham /n̥am/ | hnam /n̥am/ | maːm /maːm/ | *mham /mham/ | hnam /nʰam/ |
| Amor | ʔoŋ /ʔoŋ/ | — /—/ | moh /moh/ | kruŋ /kɾuŋ/ | kɔɔh /kɔːh/ | — /—/ | mōuh /mo̤h/ |
| Árvore | tiŋ he /tiŋ he/ | taŋhɔj /taŋhɔj/ | khaox /kʰauʔ/ | khoʼ /kʰoʔ/ | sʔɔːŋ /sʔɔːŋ/ | *ɟɕɨːʔ /ɟɕɨːʔ/ | kaox /kʰauʔ/ |
| Cão | sɔ /sɔ/ | sow /sow/ | sox /soʔ/ | souʼ /sɒʔ/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ | soux /soʔ/ |
| Gato | ʔəŋaw /ʔəŋaw/ | — /—/ | miao: /miau/ | mai /mai/ | mɛːw /mɛːw/ | — /—/ | miao /miau/ |
| Peixe | ka /kaː/ | kaː /kaː/ | kax /kaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | *kaʔ /kaʔ/ | gax /kaʔ/ |
| Pássaro | sim /sim/ | siːm /siːm/ | sim /sim/ | sany /saɲ/ | sim /sim/ | *ciːm /ciːm/ | sim /sim/ |
| Borboleta | kərla /kərla/ | — | pung piang /puŋ piaŋ/ | mbung mbang /ᵐbuŋ ᵐbaŋ/ | tlaːmpaːm /tlaːmpaːm/ | — | būng bīang /pṳŋ pi̤aŋ/ |
| Ovo | kadam /kaɗam/ | bəːn /bəːn/ | tawm ia /tɔm ʔia/ | toum /tɒm/ | kədoŋ /kədoŋ/ | *ktam /ktam/ | dom /tɔm/ |
| Urso | khrer /kʰrer/ | — | krih /krih/ | khleh /kʰleh/ | huəl /huəl/ | — | grih /krih/ |
| Cavalo | brəŋ /brəŋ/ | — | brung /bruŋ/ | — | — | — | nbrūng /brṳŋ/ |
| Casa | gaŋ /ɡaŋ/ | — /—/ | nyiex /ɲiɛʔ/ | nyueaʼ /ɲɨa̯ʔ/ | gaːŋ /ɡaːŋ/ | *ɲaːʔ /ɲaːʔ/ | nyīex /ɲi̤ɛʔ/ |
| Leite | ʔom bu /ʔom bu/ | — | teeh /tɯih/ | — | — | — | deeih /tɯih/ |
| Sal | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | — | kih /kih/ | kih /kih/ | hmaar /hmaːr/ | *ɓɔːh /ɓɔːh/ | gīh /ki̤h/ |
| Arroz | rəko /rəko/ | — | gaox /ɡauʔ/ | — | ʰŋɔʔ /ʰŋɔʔ/ | *rŋkoːʔ /rŋkoːʔ/ | mgaox /ɡauʔ/ |
| Ferro | hir /hir/ | — | lhek /l̥ek/ | hlaec /l̥ɛc/ | cndroh /cndroh/ | — | hleig /lʰek/ |
| Roda | — /—/ | — | ling: /liɲ/ | — | — | — | ling /liɲ/ |
| Livro | boʔok /boʔok/ | — | phuk lai /pʰuk lai/ | — | pɨːm /pɨːm/ | — | pug lāi /pʰuk la̤i/ |
| Comer | hɔm /hɔm/ | hoːm /hoːm/ | ih /ʔih/ | som /som/ | mah /mah/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ | ih /ʔih/ |
| Beber | tiəŋ /tiəŋ/ | ʨoŋ /tɕoŋ/ | nyaux /ɲaɯʔ/ | nyoʼ /ɲoʔ/ | ʔɨək /ʔɨək/ | *ɲuʔ /ɲuʔ/ | nyāex /ɲa̤ɯʔ/ |
| Dormir | ʔit /ʔit/ | ɁiɁ /ʔiʔ/ | it /ʔit/ | ʼac /ʔac/ | sih /sih/ | *ɓic /ɓic/ | id /ʔit/ |
| Um | ʔu /ʔu/ | Ɂuː /ʔuː/ | tix /tiʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | moj /moj/ | *muːj /muːj/ | dīx /ti̤ʔ/ |
| Dois | ʔar /ʔar/ | Ɂaː /ʔaː/ | ra /ra/ | lʼa /lᵊʔa/ | baar /baːr/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ | ra /ra/ |
| Três | ʔuəj /ʔuaj/ | Ɂoj /ʔoj/ | loe /lɤ/ | lʼoi /lᵊʔoj/ | peʼ /peʔ/ | *peʔ /peʔ/ | loui /loi/ |
| Quatro | phon /pʰon/ | phon /pʰon/ | pon /pon/ | paueng /paɨ̯ŋ/ | pon /pon/ | *punʔ /punʔ/ | boun /pon/ |
| Cinco | phən /pʰən/ | — | phuan /pʰuan/ | phuan /pʰua̯n/ | — | *pɗam /pɗam/ | puan /pʰuan/ |
| Cem | pəriah /pəriah/ | — | yieh /jiɛh/ | ʼyuea /ʔᵊjɨa̯/ | — | — | yīeh /ʑi̤ɛh/ |
| Olá | — /—/ | — /—/ | nawp nawm /nɔp nɔm/ | — /—/ | lɔh /lɔh/ | — /—/ | nob nom /nɔp nɔm/ |
| Obrigado | — /—/ | — /—/ | bwanson /buan son/ | kop khun /kop kʰun/ | ɔrkun /ʔɔrkun/ | — /—/ | nbuan soun /buan son/ |
| Bom | laʔ /laʔ/ | — /—/ | mhawm /m̥ɔm/ | mac /mac/ | ləʔ /ləʔ/ | — /—/ | hmom /mʰɔm/ |
| Novo | kənmɛ /kənmɛ/ | tamaːj /tamaːj/ | khraox /kʰrauʔ/ | khroʼ /kʰroʔ/ | həmmeʔ /həmmeʔ/ | *tmeːʔ /tmeːʔ/ | kraox /kʰrauʔ/ |
| Vermelho | kho /kʰo/ | — /—/ | raoh /rauh/ | skhrak /sᵊkʰrak/ | jim /jim/ | *roːŋ /roːŋ/ | raoh /rauh/ |
| Branco | blɔʔ /blɔʔ/ | Ɂiluj /ʔiluj/ | paing /paɲ/ | ping /piŋ/ | klɔɔk /klɔːk/ | *ɓɔːk /ɓɔːk/ | bāing /pa̤ɲ/ |
| Preto | jim /jim/ | Ɂivɔŋ /ʔivɔŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | loang /lɔŋ/ | hiəŋ /hiəŋ/ | *Cjoŋ /Cjoŋ/ | lūng /lṳŋ/ |
| Verde | ɲər /ɲər/ | niɨ /niɨ/ | klai /klai/ | snga /sᵊŋa/ | siw /siw/ | *kciʔ /kciʔ/ | glāi /kla̤i/ |
| Azul | kjo /kjo/ | — | — | snga /sᵊŋa/ | siːw /siːw/ | — | glāi /kla̤i/ |
| Cuco | pək tuʔ /pək tuʔ/ | — | eeppid /ʔɯp pit/ | — | — | — | eeb bīd /ʔɯp pi̤t/ |
| Café | khəpi /kʰəpi/ | — | kha: feue: /kʰa fɤi/ | — | — | — | ka feui /kʰa fɤi/ |
| Laranja | məcɔk /məcɔk/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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