Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch
Alemão da Pensilvânia
indo-europeu (Germânica, ocidental, alemão)
O alemão da Pensilvânia (Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch) descende dos dialetos alemães do Palatinado trazidos para a Pensilvânia colonial no século XVIII, hoje mantido pelas comunidades Amish e Menonita da Velha Ordem (Old Order). A vibrante transmissão da língua materna (L1) dentro dessas comunidades significa que a língua está *crescendo*, não declinando; o intenso contato com o inglês introduziu empréstimos, mas o núcleo gramatical do dialeto alto-alemão permanece intacto.
Onde é falada
87 palavras essenciais em alemão da Pensilvânia
Fontes
Palavras comparadas
Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: indo-europeu (Germânica, ocidental, alemão)
| Significado | Alemão da Pensilvânia | Francônio oriental | Alemão padrão suíço | Suábio | Alemão da era de Lutero | Alemão do Luxemburgo | Alemão |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | Wasser /vasər/ | Wasser /vasːə/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasə/ | Wasser /ˈvasːər/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ |
| Fogo | Feier /faɪər/ | Feier /faɪɐ/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feuer /foiɐ/ | Fewr /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ |
| Sol | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sonne /sonə/ | Sonne /ˈzɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ |
| Lua | Muun /muːn/ | Maa /maː/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnd/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ |
| Estrela | Schtann /ʃtan/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Schtern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ |
| Noite | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Chuva | Regge /ˈrɛɡə/ | — | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Rega /ˈreːɡə/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ |
| Neve | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ |
| Terra | Erd /ɛrt/ | Erd /ɛɐd/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erd /eːɐ̯d/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ |
| Pedra | Schtee /ʃteː/ | — | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stoi /ʃtoi/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ |
| Montanha | Barig /ˈbarɪç/ | — | Berg /bɛrk/ | Berg /bɛrɡ/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ |
| Mar | See /seː/ | — | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ |
| Mãe | Mudder /mʊdər/ | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mädder /mɛdɐ/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ |
| Pai | Daadi /daːdi/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ |
| Filha | Dochder /dɔxdər/ | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Dochder /ˈdɔxdɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Tochter /tɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ |
| Eu | ich /ɪç/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| Tu | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ |
| Nós | mir /miːɐ̯/ | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːr/ | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːr/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ |
| Nome | Naame /ˈnɔːmə/ | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Nama /ˈnamə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Pessoa | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | — | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ |
| Cabeça | Kopp /kɔp/ | — | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Heubt /hɔɪ̯pt/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ |
| Olho | Aag /ɔːk/ | Aach /aːx/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Aug /aʊɡ/ | Aug /aʊk/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ |
| Orelha | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ |
| Nariz | Naas /nɔːs/ | — | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nas /nas/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ |
| Boca | Maul /maʊl/ | — | Mund /mʊnt/ | Gosch /ɡɔʃ/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ |
| Dente | Zaah /tsɔː/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ |
| Língua | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zong /tsoŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ |
| Mão | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hand/ | Handt /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ |
| Pé | Fuuss /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuaß /fuas/ | Fus /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ |
| Coração | Hatz /hats/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Hertz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ |
| Osso | Gnoche /ˈɡnoxə/ | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knoche /ˈknoxə/ | Bein /baɪn/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ |
| Sangue | Blut /blut/ | Blut /bluːd/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Bluat /bluat/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ |
| Cocô | — /—/ | — | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Schdingr /ˈʃdɪŋɐ/ | Dreck /drɛk/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ |
| Amor | liewe /liːvə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liab /liə̯b/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ |
| Árvore | Baam /ˈbɔːm/ | Bauma /baʊmaː/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Baum /baum/ | Bawm /baʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ |
| Cão | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hond /hond/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Gato | Katz /kats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /katsə/ |
| Peixe | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Pássaro | Voggel /fɔɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /foːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ |
| Borboleta | Fleddermaus /ˈflɛdərmaʊs/ | Schmetterling /ʃmɛdɐliŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ | Schmeddrleng /ˈʃmɛdɐlɛŋ/ | Pfeifholter /ˈpfaɪfhɔltər/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ |
| Ovo | Oi /ɔɪ/ | — | Ei /aɪ/ | Oi /ɔɪ/ | Ey /aɪ̯/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ |
| Urso | Baer /bɛːr/ | — | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bèèar /bɛːɐ/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ |
| Cavalo | Gaul /ɡaʊ̯l/ | — | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | Gaul /ɡaul/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ |
| Casa | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Hous /haus/ | Hauß /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ |
| Leite | Millich /ˈmɪlɪç/ | — | Milch /mɪlç/ | Millich /ˈmɪlɪç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ |
| Mel | Hunnich /ˈhʊnɪç/ | — | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪɡ/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ |
| Sal | Salz /salts/ | — | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Saltz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ |
| Vinho | Wei /vaɪ/ | — | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Woi /voɪ̯/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ |
| Arroz | Reis /raɪs/ | — | Reis /raɪs/ | — | Reis /raɪs/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ |
| Ferro | Eise /ˈaɪsə/ | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eisa /ˈaɪsa/ | Eisen /ˈaɪzən/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ |
| Roda | Raad /rɔːt/ | — | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /rad/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ |
| Seda | — /—/ | — | Seide /ˈsaɪdə/ | — | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ |
| Livro | Buch /bux/ | — | Buch /buːx/ | Buach /buax/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ |
| Comer | esse /ɛsə/ | esse /ɛsə/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | essa /ɛsə/ | essen /ˈɛsːən/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ |
| Beber | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | drengga /drɛŋɡə/ | trincken /ˈtrɪŋkən/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ |
| Dormir | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlofa /ˈʃlofa/ | schlaffen /ˈʃlafən/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ |
| Um | eens /eːns/ | ans /ans/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | oine /ɔinə/ | eyn /aɪ̯n/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ |
| Dois | zwee /tsveː/ | zwaa /tsvaː/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwoi /tsvoɪ̯/ | zwey /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ |
| Três | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ |
| Quatro | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiɐ/ | vier /fiːr/ | viar /fiɐ̯/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ |
| Cinco | fimf /fɪmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | femf /fɛmf/ | fünff /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ |
| Cem | hunnert /ˈhʊnərt/ | — | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hondrd /ˈhondɐd/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ |
| Olá | Hallo /haloː/ | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Grüß Gott /ɡryːs ɡɔt/ | Gott zum Gruß /ɡɔt tsʊm ɡruːs/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ |
| Obrigado | Denki /dɛŋki/ | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | Danggschee /daŋkʃeː/ | Danck /daŋk/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ |
| Bom | gut /ɡuːt/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| Novo | nei /naɪ/ | — | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | nei /naɪ/ | new /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ |
| Vermelho | rot /rot/ | rood /roːd/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /rod/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ |
| Branco | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weis /vaɪ̯s/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ |
| Preto | schwatz /ʃvats/ | — | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwartz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ |
| Verde | grie /ɡriː/ | — | grün /ɡryːn/ | grea /ɡreə̯/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ |
| Azul | bloh /bloː/ | — | blau /blaʊ/ | — | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ |
| Computador | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːdɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | — | Rechenmeister /ˈrɛçənˌmaɪstər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ |
| Chá | Tee /teː/ | — | Tee /teː/ | — | — | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ |
| Café | Kaffi /ˈkafi/ | — | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | — | — | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | Kaffee /ˈkafeː/ |
| Açúcar | Zucker /tsʊkər/ | — | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | — | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ |
| Laranja | Arrentsch /ˈarəntʃ/ | — | Orange /oˈraŋʒə/ | — | Pomeranze /pɔməˈrantsə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ |
| 99 | nein un neinzich /naɪn ʊn naɪntsɪç/ | — | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔɪ̯nʊntˌnɔɪ̯ntsɪk/ | — | — | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ |
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