Kölsch
indo-europeu (germânico, ocidental, alto-alemão, central, ripuário)
O kölsch é o dialeto francônio ripuário de Colônia e dos arredores imediatos — uma variedade do alemão centro-ocidental distinta tanto do alemão padrão (não passou por todas as etapas da segunda mutação consonantal do alto-alemão: p. ex., "Aug" e não "Auge", "joot" e não "gut") quanto do baixo-alemão mais ao norte. Possui uma forte identidade urbana ligada à cidade de Colônia, com canções de carnaval (Karneval) em kölsch, a cultura da Kölsche Bier e a Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch, que promove a codificação linguística (1983). Reconhecido como língua independente pela Ethnologue e pela Glottolog, apesar de o governo alemão tratá-lo como dialeto.
Onde é falada
87 palavras essenciais em kölsch
Fontes
Palavras comparadas
Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: indo-europeu (germânico, ocidental, alto-alemão, central, ripuário)
| Significado | Kölsch | Alemão do Luxemburgo | Alemão | Alemão austríaco | Baixo-alemão | Alemão padrão suíço | Francônio oriental |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Water /vɑːtɐ/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasːə/ |
| Fogo | Füer /fyːɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feier /faɪɐ/ |
| Sol | Sonn /zɔn/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /sɔnə/ | Sünn /zʏn/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sunn /sʊn/ |
| Lua | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Maan /maːn/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Maa /maː/ |
| Estrela | Stään /ʃtɛːn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Steern /steːrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ |
| Noite | Naach /naːx/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Chuva | Räje /ˈʁɛːjə/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | — |
| Neve | Schnei /ʃnaɪ/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Snee /sneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnd/ |
| Terra | Ääd /ɛːt/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Eer /eːɐ/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erd /ɛɐd/ |
| Pedra | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Steen /steːn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | — |
| Montanha | Berch /bɛʁɕ/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛɐk/ | Barg /barx/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | — |
| Mar | Meer /meːɐ/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | See /zeː/ | Meer /meːr/ | — |
| Mãe | Moder /moːdɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ |
| Pai | Vatter /fatɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtɐ/ | Vader /fɑːdɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ |
| Filha | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /tɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ |
| Eu | ich /ɪɕ/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ik /ɪk/ | ich /ɪç/ | i /i/ |
| Tu | do /doː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ |
| Nós | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ/ | wi /viː/ | wir /viːr/ | mir /miɐ/ |
| Nome | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Naam /naːm/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ |
| Pessoa | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | — |
| Cabeça | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | — |
| Olho | Auch /aʊx/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /ˈaʊ̯ɡə/ | Oog /oːx/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Aach /aːx/ |
| Orelha | Uhr /uːɐ/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ |
| Nariz | Nas /nas/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nees /neːs/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | — |
| Boca | Muul /muːl/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Muul /muːl/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | — |
| Dente | Zang /tsaŋ/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Tähn /tɛːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zah /tsaː/ |
| Língua | Zung /tsʊŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Tung /tʊŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ |
| Mão | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hɑnt/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hand/ |
| Pé | Foß /foːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Foot /fɔʊ̯t/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ |
| Coração | Hätz /hɛts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Hart /haɐt/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ |
| Osso | Knoche /ˈknɔxə/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knaken /ˈknaːkən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ |
| Sangue | Blot /bloːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Bloot /bloːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːd/ |
| Cocô | Driss /dʁɪs/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Schiet /ʃiːt/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | — |
| Amor | Leev /leːf/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Leev /leːf/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ |
| Árvore | Boum /baʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Boom /boːm/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Bauma /baʊmaː/ |
| Cão | Hongk /hoŋk/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Gato | Katz /kats/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /kɑtsə/ | Katt /kat/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katz /kats/ |
| Peixe | Fesch /fɛʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Pássaro | Vugel /fʊɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vagel /ˈfaːɣəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ |
| Ovo | Ei /ai/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /ai/ | Ei /aɪ/ | — |
| Urso | Bär /bɛːɐ/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Boor /boːr/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | — |
| Cavalo | Pääd /pɛːt/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Peerd /peːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | — |
| Casa | Huus /huːs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Huus /huːs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ |
| Leite | Milesch /ˈmɪləʃ/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Melk /mɛlk/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | — |
| Mel | Honnich /ˈhɔnɪɕ/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honnig /ˈhɔnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | — |
| Sal | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /salts/ | Solt /zɔlt/ | Salz /salts/ | — |
| Vinho | Wing /vɪŋ/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wien /viːn/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | — |
| Chocolate | Schokolad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolaad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | — |
| Ferro | Ieser /ˈiːzɐ/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Iesen /ˈiːzn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ |
| Roda | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | — |
| Livro | Booch /boːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Book /boːk/ | Buch /buːx/ | — |
| Comer | esse /ɛsə/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | eten /eːtn̩/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ |
| Beber | drinke /dʁɪŋkə/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | drinken /drɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ |
| Dormir | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | slapen /ˈslaːpn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ |
| Um | ein /aɪn/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | een /eːn/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | ans /ans/ |
| Dois | zwei /tsvai/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvai/ | twee /tveː/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwaa /tsvaː/ |
| Três | dree /dʁeː/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | dree /dreː/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ |
| Quatro | veer /feːʁ/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | veer /feːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiɐ/ |
| Cinco | fönnef /ˈfœnəf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fief /fiːf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ |
| Cem | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | — |
| Olá | Tach /tax/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Servus /zɛɐvʊs/ | Moin /mɔɪn/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ |
| Obrigado | Dankeschön /daŋkəʃøːn/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | Dankschöön /daŋkʃøːn/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ |
| Bom | joot /joːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | goot /ɡoːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ |
| Novo | neu /nøʏ/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | nee /neː/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | — |
| Vermelho | rud /ʁuːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /roːt/ | root /roːt/ | rot /roːt/ | rood /roːd/ |
| Branco | wieß /viːs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | witt /vɪt/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ |
| Preto | schwatz /ʃvats/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | swart /svart/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | — |
| Verde | jröön /jʁøːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | gröön /ɡrøːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | — |
| Azul | blau /blɔu/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ/ | — |
| Computador | Computer /komˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːdɐ/ |
| Sushi | Sushi /ˈzuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Chá | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | — |
| Café | Kaffe /ˈkafə/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | Kaffee /ˈkafeː/ | Kaffee /kaˈfeː/ | Koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | — |
| Açúcar | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Sucker /ˈzʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | — |
| Laranja | Appelsin /apəlˈsiːn/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Orange /oˈraːnʒə/ | Apelsien /apəlˈziːn/ | Orange /oˈraŋʒə/ | — |
| Dopamina | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | — |
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