Tiv
Níger-Congo
O tiv é a língua principal do grupo étnico tiv, a maior população não hauçá-fulani do centro da Nigéria, com cerca de 5 milhões de falantes concentrados no estado de Benue, em torno de Gboko e Makurdi. Linguisticamente, o tiv pertence ao subgrupo tivoide do bantoide (ramo irmão das línguas banto), mas a maioria das outras línguas tivoides está nos Camarões, o que torna o tiv geograficamente isolado dentro de seu subgrupo. O tiv possui características clássicas do níger-congo: sistema de classes nominais (~10 classes), tonalidade (3 tons com downstep) e ordem dos constituintes SVO. O Tiv-English Dictionary de Abraham (1940) permanece uma referência fundamental. O tiv tem uma forte tradição literária desde a década de 1930, com obras importantes como o Novo Testamento em tiv (1936) e o jornal em língua tiv "Tion".
Onde é falada
87 palavras essenciais em tiv
côkoleeti
Fontes
Palavras comparadas
Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: Níger-Congo
| Significado | Tiv | Bemba | Tonga da Zâmbia | Kaonde | Nyaturu | Luvale | Kikuiu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | mngerem /mŋɡɛɾɛm/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | meenda /meːnda/ | mema /mema/ | maji /madʒi/ | meya /meja/ | maaĩ /maːe/ |
| Fogo | usu /usu/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | mujilo /mudʒilo/ | moto /moto/ | kakahya /kakahja/ | mwaki /mwaki/ |
| Sol | iyange /ijaŋɡe/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | zuba /zuba/ | juba /dʒuba/ | yura /juɾa/ | likumbi /likumbi/ | riũa /ɾioa/ |
| Lua | uwer /uwɛɾ/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ng'ondo /ŋondo/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ |
| Estrela | ishan /iˈʃan/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | ntaanda /ntaːnda/ | njota /ndʒota/ | tanganyeka /taŋɡaˈɲeka/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ |
| Noite | tugh /tuɣ/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | busiku /busiku/ | bufuku /bufuku/ | utiku /utiku/ | ufuku /ufuku/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ |
| Chuva | ura /ˈura/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | imvula /imvula/ | mvula /mvula/ | mbura /mbura/ | vula /vula/ | mbura /ˈmbura/ |
| Neve | senou /senou/ | ubunga bwa mfula /ubuŋɡa bwa mfula/ | caanda /tʃaːnda/ | sino /sino/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | mbundu /mbundu/ | ira /ˈiɾa/ |
| Vento | ahumbe /ahumbe/ | umwela /umwela/ | muwo /muwo/ | lubesha /lubeʃa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | peho /peho/ | rũhuho /ɾòhùːhɔ̀/ |
| Terra | tar /tar/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | mushiji /muʃidʒi/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | mavu /mavu/ | tĩĩri /teːɾi/ |
| Pedra | iwen /iwen/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ | jibwe /dʒibwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | lilolwa /lilolwa/ | ihiga /iˈhiɣa/ |
| Montanha | uwo /uwo/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | cilundu /tʃilundu/ | mutumba /mutumba/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | pili /pili/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ |
| Mar | zegemnger /zeɡemŋɡɛɾ/ | bemba /bemba/ | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | kalungalwiji /kaluŋɡalwidʒi/ | — |
| Mãe | ngo /ŋɡo/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | bama /bama/ | bamama /bamama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | maitũ /maito/ |
| Pai | ter /tɛɾ/ | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ |
| Filha | wan u kwase /wan u kwase/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ | mwana wamukazhi /mwana wamukaʒi/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | mwana wapwevo /mwana wapwevo/ | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ |
| Eu | mo /mɔ/ | ine /ine/ | ime /ime/ | amiwa /amiwa/ | une /une/ | ami /ami/ | niĩ /nie/ |
| Tu | we /we/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | obewa /obewa/ | uwe /uwe/ | ove /ove/ | wee /wɛː/ |
| Nós | se /se/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | iswe /iswe/ | atweba /atweba/ | sese /sese/ | etu /etu/ | ithuĩ /iðue/ |
| Nome | iti /iˈti/ | ishina /iʃina/ | izina /iˈziːna/ | jizhina /dʒiʒina/ | rina /ɾina/ | lijina /liˈʒina/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ |
| Pessoa | or /or/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | muntu /muntu/ | muntu /muntu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mutu /mutu/ | mũndũ /mondo/ |
| Cabeça | ityough /itjouɣ/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mũtwe /motwɛ/ |
| Olho | ishe /iʃe/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | liso /liso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | riho /riho/ | liso /liso/ | riitho /riːðɔ/ |
| Orelha | togh /toɣ/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | litwitwi /litwitwi/ | gũtũ /ɣoto/ |
| Nariz | hinga /hiŋɡa/ | umona /umona/ | impemo /impemo/ | moona /moːna/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | lizulu /lizulu/ | iniũrũ /inioɾo/ |
| Boca | zwa /zwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | momo /momo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kanua /kaˈnua/ |
| Dente | inyigh /iɲiɣ/ | ilino /ilino/ | linyo /liɲo/ | jiino /dʒiːno/ | ino /ino/ | lizo /lizo/ | igego /iɣɛɣɔ/ |
| Língua | nombor /nombor/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | mulaka /mulaka/ | lujimi /ludʒimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | limi /limi/ | rũrĩmĩ /ɾoɾeme/ |
| Mão | uwegh /uweɣ/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | livoko /livoko/ | guoko /ɡuɔkɔ/ |
| Pé | nguhar /ŋɡuhar/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | cituta /tʃituta/ | kuulu /kuːlu/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | lihinji /lihindʒi/ | kũgũrũ /koɣoro/ |
| Coração | ishima /iʃima/ | umutima /umutima/ | moyo /mojo/ | muchima /mutʃima/ | umutima /umutima/ | mutima /mutima/ | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ |
| Osso | kuhe /kuhe/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | ifuwa /ifuwa/ | kupa /kupa/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | lifuwa /lifuwa/ | ihĩndĩ /ihende/ |
| Sangue | awambe /awambe/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | bulowa /bulowa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | sakami /sakami/ | manyinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | thakame /ðakamɛ/ |
| Cocô | akôngo /akɔŋɡo/ | amafi /amafi/ | tubi /tubi/ | — | — | tuji /tudʒi/ | mai /mai/ |
| Amor | dooshima /doːʃima/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | luyando /lujando/ | butemwe /butemwe/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | zangi /zaŋɡi/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ |
| Árvore | kon /kon/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | kichi /kitʃi/ | umuti /umuti/ | mutondo /mutondo/ | mũtĩ /mote/ |
| Cão | iwa /iwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | muvwa /muvwa/ | kabwa /kabwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | kawa /kawa/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ |
| Gato | anyam /aɲam/ | pushi /puʃi/ | kaaze /kaːze/ | kapuso /kapuso/ | paka /paka/ | katako /katako/ | nyaũ /ɲao/ |
| Peixe | ishu /iʃu/ | isabi /isabi/ | inswi /inswi/ | jisabi /dʒisabi/ | somba /somba/ | shi /ʃi/ | thamaki /ðamaki/ |
| Pássaro | inyon /iɲɔn/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | kayuni /kajuni/ | ng'onyi /ŋoɲi/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | kajila /kadʒila/ | nyoni /ˈɲɔni/ |
| Borboleta | kokombo /kokombo/ | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | inkoonkolekwa /iŋkoːŋkolekwa/ | kipupulwa /kipupulwa/ | — | kauyauya /kaujauja/ | kĩĩhuruta /keːhuruːta/ |
| Ovo | ijikegh /idʒikeɣ/ | ilini /ilini/ | iji /idʒi/ | jike /dʒike/ | ighe /iɣe/ | liulu /liulu/ | itumbĩ /itumbe/ |
| Cavalo | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ | mbili /mbili/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | kavalu /kavalu/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ |
| Casa | ya /ja/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ | nzubo /nzubo/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | zuvo /zuvo/ | nyũmba /ɲomba/ |
| Leite | atumba /atumba/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mukupa /mukupa/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | maya /maja/ | mavele /mavele/ | iria /iria/ |
| Mel | iyough /ijouɣ/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | buci /butʃi/ | buki /buki/ | ruke /ruke/ | uchi /utʃi/ | ũũkĩ /oːke/ |
| Sal | bar /baɾ/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | munyo /muɲo/ | mukele /mukele/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mungwa /muŋɡwa/ | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ |
| Vinho | wain /wain/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | waini /waini/ | binyu /biɲu/ | divai /divai/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | ndibei /ndibɛi/ |
| Chocolate | côkoleeti | chokoleti | ccokoleti | — | — | — | chocolate |
| Ferro | iyôgh /ijɔɣ/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | butale /butale/ | kapotwe /kapotwe/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | fwelu /fwelu/ | kĩgera /keˈɣɛra/ |
| Roda | ikyaver /ikjaver/ | umupeto /umupeto/ | ivwili /iˈvwili/ | kitanga /kitaŋɡa/ | — | lifumbo /lifumbo/ | kĩgaragari /keɣaraɣari/ |
| Seda | shiliti /ʃiliti/ | shiliki /ʃiliki/ | — | shilika /ʃilika/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | shiliki /ʃiliki/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ |
| Livro | takerada /takerada/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | mukanda /mukanda/ | ibuku /iβuku/ |
| Comer | yan /jan/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kuja /kudʒa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ |
| Beber | mba /mba/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kutoma /kutoma/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ |
| Dormir | yav /jav/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | koona /koːna/ | kulaala /kulaːla/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kusavala /kusavala/ | gũkoma /ɣoˈkɔma/ |
| Um | mom /mom/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | mwi /mwi/ | umo /umo/ | umwe /umwe/ | mwe /mwe/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ |
| Dois | uhar /uˈhar/ | fibili /fibili/ | bili /bili/ | babiji /babidʒi/ | aviri /aβiri/ | vali /vali/ | igĩrĩ /iɣeɾe/ |
| Três | utar /utar/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | totatwe /totatwe/ | basatu /basatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | ithatũ /iðato/ |
| Quatro | unyiin /uɲiː/ | fine /fine/ | ne /ne/ | bana /bana/ | inne /inːe/ | wana /wana/ | inya /iɲa/ |
| Cinco | utaan /utaːn/ | fisano /fisano/ | musanu /musanu/ | batanu /batanu/ | itano /itano/ | tanu /tanu/ | ithano /iðanɔ/ |
| Cem | deri /dɛɾi/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ | kitota /kitota/ | ighana /iɣana/ | likulukaji /likulukadʒi/ | igana /iɣana/ |
| Olá | m sugh /m suɣ/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | mwane /mwane/ | wĩmwega /wemwɛɡa/ |
| Obrigado | m sugh u /m suɣ u/ | natotela /natotela/ | twalumba /twalumba/ | nasanta /nasanta/ | asante /aˈsante/ | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ | nĩ wega /ne wɛɡa/ |
| Bom | dedoo /dedoː/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | kabotu /kabotu/ | kyawama /kjawama/ | kihi /kihi/ | mwaza /mwaza/ | wega /wɛɡa/ |
| Novo | he /he/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | pya /pja/ | kipya /kipja/ | mpya /mpja/ | chihya /tʃihja/ | kĩerũ /keɛro/ |
| Vermelho | nyian /ɲian/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | subila /subila/ | chila /tʃila/ | ntune /ntune/ | chikuhwa /tʃikuhwa/ | ũtune /otunɛ/ |
| Branco | pupu /pupu/ | buuta /buːta/ | salala /salala/ | toka /toka/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | chitoma /tʃitoma/ | werũ /wɛro/ |
| Preto | il /il/ | fiita /fiːta/ | siya /sija/ | fiita /fiːta/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | chilava /tʃilava/ | ũirũ /oiro/ |
| Verde | kwel /kʷel/ | katapa /katapa/ | — | — | — | — | ngirini /ŋɡirini/ |
| Azul | kwel /kʷel/ | — | — | — | — | — | bururu /bururu/ |
| Computador | kômputa /kɔmputa/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kkompyuta /ˈkompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kopyuta /kopjuta/ | kompiuta /kɔmpiuta/ |
| Chá | tii /tiː/ | tii /tiː/ | tii /tiː/ | — | — | tiyi /tiji/ | cai /tʃaːi/ |
| Café | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kkofi /ˈkofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kahũa /kahowa/ |
| Açúcar | shogar /ʃoɡar/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | syuga /sjuɡa/ | shuka /ʃuka/ | — | shuka /ʃuka/ | cukari /tʃukaːɾi/ |
| Laranja | alum /alum/ | — | — | — | — | lilalanja | icungwa /itʃuŋɡwa/ |
| 99 | akunduanyiingber kar utaankarunyiin /akunduaɲiːɡber kar utaːnkaruɲiː/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | makumi aali fuka afuka /makumi aːli fuka afuka/ | makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina /makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi atanu naawana navatanu navawana /makumi atanu naːwana navatanu navawana/ | mĩrongo kenda na kenda /meɾɔŋɡɔ kɛnda na kɛnda/ |
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