Hata Simalungun
Batak simalungun
Austronésia
O batak simalungun (autônimo Hata Simalungun) é uma língua batak da família austronésia, falada por cerca de 1,2 milhão de pessoas na regência de Simalungun, no norte de Sumatra (Indonésia), principalmente nos arredores da cidade de Pematangsiantar. Os batak simalungun são um dos seis principais subgrupos batak (ao lado dos toba, karo, pakpak, mandailing e angkola), com tradições culturais próprias, incluindo a tradição da corte real simalungun e o festival cultural simalungun horja. Linguisticamente, o simalungun faz parte do grupo batak dentro do austronésio sumatrano, com traços fonológicos compartilhados (harmonia vocálica, grupos consonantais), mas com léxico distinto do mais conhecido toba batak (bbc). A comunidade simalungun manteve a sua língua apesar da considerável pressão assimilacionista indonésia na área metropolitana urbana de Pematangsiantar.
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87 palavras essenciais em batak simalungun
coklat
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Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: Austronésia
| Significado | Batak simalungun | Batak toba | Batak angkola | Banjar | Malaio antigo | Gayo | Musi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | bah /bah/ | aek /aek/ | aek /aek/ | banyu /baɲu/ | air /air/ | weih /weih/ | ayek /ajek/ |
| Fogo | apuy /apuj/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | rara /ɾaɾa/ | api /api/ |
| Sol | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | matanlo /matanlo/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Lua | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ulen /ulən/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Estrela | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Noite | borngin /borŋin/ | borngin /borŋin/ | borngin /borŋin/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | klam /klam/ | malem /maləm/ |
| Chuva | udan /uˈdan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | — | uren /uˈrən/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ |
| Neve | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | — | — | — |
| Vento | logou /loɡou/ | alogo /aloɡo/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | kuyu /kuju/ | angin /aŋin/ |
| Terra | tanoh /tanoh/ | tano /tano/ | tano /tano/ | tanah /tanah/ | — | tanoh /tanɔh/ | tanah /tanah/ |
| Pedra | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Montanha | dolog /doloɡ/ | dolok /dolok/ | dolok /dolok/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | — | bur /bur/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Mar | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | — | lut kolak /lut kɔlak/ | laot /laot/ |
| Mãe | inang /inaŋ/ | ina /ina/ | inang /inaŋ/ | uma /uma/ | ibu /ibu/ | ine /ine/ | mak /mak/ |
| Pai | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ | amang /amaŋ/ | abah /abah/ | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ | bapak /bapak/ |
| Filha | boru /boru/ | boru /boru/ | boru /boru/ | anak babinian /anak babinian/ | — | — | — |
| Eu | ahu /ahu/ | ahu /ahu/ | au /au/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ |
| Tu | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | ikam /ikam/ | kamu /kamu/ | ko /ko/ | kau /kau/ |
| Nós | hita / hanami /hita / hanami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kitə / kami /kitə / kami/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ |
| Nome | goran /ɡoran/ | goar /ɡoar/ | goar /ɡoar/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | gerel /ɡərəl/ | namo /namo/ |
| Pessoa | halak /halak/ | halak /halak/ | halak /halak/ | urang /uraŋ/ | — | jema /dʒəma/ | wong /woŋ/ |
| Cabeça | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | kapala /kapala/ | — | ulu /ulu/ | palak /palak/ |
| Olho | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ |
| Orelha | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | — | kemiring /kəmiriŋ/ | telingo /teliŋo/ |
| Nariz | igung /iɡuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | hidung /hiduŋ/ | — | iung /iuŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ |
| Boca | babah /babah/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | muntung /muntuŋ/ | — | awah /awah/ | mulut /mulut/ |
| Dente | ipon /ipon/ | ngingi /ŋiŋi/ | ipon /ipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ipon /ipɔn/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Língua | dilah /dilah/ | dila /dila/ | dila /dila/ | ilat /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | délah /deːlah/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Mão | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | pumu /pumu/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Coração | uhur /uhur/ | roha /roha/ | roha /roha/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | ate /ate/ | hati /hati/ |
| Osso | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulən /tulən/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Sangue | daroh /daroh/ | mudar /mudar/ | mudar /mudar/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | rayoh /rajɔh/ | darah /darah/ |
| Cocô | tois /tois/ | te /te/ | — | tahi /tahi/ | — | tai /tai/ | taik /taik/ |
| Amor | holong /holoŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | kunyung /kuɲuŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Árvore | hayu /haju/ | hau /hau/ | hayu /haju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Cão | baliang /baliaŋ/ | biang /biaŋ/ | asu /asu/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Gato | huting /hutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Peixe | ihan /ˈihan/ | dekke /ˈdekːe/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | ikan /ikan/ | ikən /ˈikən/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Pássaro | manuk-manuk /manukˈmanuk/ | pidong /pidoŋ/ | unggas /uŋɡas/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | manuk /manuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Borboleta | ampul-ampul /ampulˈampul/ | lampu-lampu /lampuˈlampu/ | — | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | kalangmemang /kalaŋməmaŋ/ | — |
| Ovo | tinaruh /tinaruh/ | pira /pira/ | pira /pira/ | hintalu /hintalu/ | — | tenaruh /tənaruh/ | telok /telok/ |
| Urso | gipul /ɡipul/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | biruang /biruaŋ/ | — | telkah /təlkah/ | — |
| Cavalo | huda /huda/ | hoda /hoda/ | kudo /kudo/ | kuda /kuda/ | — | — | — |
| Casa | rumah /rumah/ | jabu /dʒabu/ | bagas /baɡas/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | umah /umah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Leite | dadih /dadih/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | — | susu /susu/ |
| Sal | sira /sira/ | sira /sira/ | sira /sira/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | poa /poa/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Vinho | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | — | — | — |
| Arroz | boras /boras/ | boras /boras/ | — | baras /baras/ | — | — | beras /bəras/ |
| Chocolate | coklat | coklat | — | suklat /ˈsuklat/ | — | — | coklat /tʃoklat/ |
| Ferro | bosi /bosi/ | bosi /bosi/ | bosi /bosi/ | wasi /ˈwasi/ | — | — | besi /bəsi/ |
| Roda | galapang /ɡalapaŋ/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | — | — | — |
| Seda | sitora /sitora/ | surta /surta/ | surto /surto/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | — | — |
| Livro | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | — | — | buku /buku/ |
| Comer | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Beber | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Dormir | modom /modom/ | modom /modom/ | modom /modom/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tidur /tidur/ | nomé /nome/ | tido /tido/ |
| Um | sada /sada/ | sada /sada/ | sada /sada/ | asa /asa/ | sa /sa/ | sara /saɾa/ | siko /siko/ |
| Dois | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | roa /roa/ | duo /duo/ |
| Três | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | talu /talu/ | tlu /tlu/ | tulu /tuluː/ | tigo /tiɡo/ |
| Quatro | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | ampat /ampat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | opat /opat/ | empat /əmpat/ |
| Cinco | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lime /lime/ | limo /limo/ |
| Cem | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səratus/ |
| Olá | horas /horas/ | horas /horas/ | horas /horas/ | salam /salam/ | — /—/ | salam /salam/ | halo /halo/ |
| Obrigado | diatebei /diatebei/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | berejen /bərədʒən/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ |
| Bom | dear /dear/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | jeroh /dʒeɾoh/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| Novo | baru /baru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | hanyar /haɲar/ | — | ayu /aju/ | anyar /aɲar/ |
| Vermelho | gerger /ɡerɡer/ | rara /rara/ | rara /rara/ | habang /habaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | ilang /ilaŋ/ | merah /ˈmerah/ |
| Branco | lopak /lopak/ | bontar /bontar/ | bontar /bontar/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ |
| Preto | birong /biroŋ/ | birong /biroŋ/ | lomlom /lomlom/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | item /item/ | item /itəm/ |
| Verde | ratah /ratah/ | rata /rata/ | rata /rata/ | hijau /hidʒau/ | — | ijo /idʒo/ | ijo /idʒo/ |
| Computador | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Chá | teh /teh/ | teh /teh/ | — | teh /teh/ | — | — | — |
| Café | kopi /kopi/ | kopi /kopi/ | — | kupi /kupi/ | — | kupi /kupi/ | — |
| Açúcar | gula /ɡula/ | gula /ɡula/ | — | gula /ɡula/ | — | gule /ɡulə/ | — |
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