Jirrbal
Dyirbal
pama-nyungan (dyirbalique)
Langue pama-nyungane du nord du Queensland rendue célèbre par la grammaire de Dixon (1972) et l'ouvrage de Lakoff « Women, Fire and Dangerous Things » : ses quatre classes nominales (bayi masculin/animé, balan féminin/eau/feu/dangereux, balam plantes comestibles, bala résidu) sont devenues un exemple classique de catégorisation non aristotélicienne. Le dyirbal possède aussi un vocabulaire d'évitement de la belle-mère entièrement distinct, le « Jalŋuy », doté de la même grammaire mais d'un lexique disjoint.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en dyirbal
Sources
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1972) The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland. Cambridge University Press.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1989) "The Original Dyirbal Speaking Tribes of North-East Queensland", in Aboriginal History.
- Glottolog: Dyirbal
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : pama-nyungan (dyirbalique)
| Sens | Dyirbal | Wiradjuri | Makasaé | Walmajarri | Warlpiri | Corse | Nhanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | bana /ˈbana/ | galing /ˈɡaliŋ/ | ira /ˈira/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ | acqua /ˈakwa/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Feu | buni /ˈbuni/ | wiiny /wiːɲ/ | ata /ˈata/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | warlu /waɭu/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ | warla /waɻla/ |
| Soleil | garri /ˈɡari/ | yiray /ˈjiɻaj/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | purangu /puɻaŋu/ | wanta /wanta/ | sole /ˈsɔle/ | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ |
| Lune | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | giwang /ˈɡiwaŋ/ | uru /ˈuru/ | yakarn /jakaɳ/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ | luna /ˈluna/ | kanyala /kaɲala/ |
| Étoile | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | giralang /ˈɡiɻalaŋ/ | lekiluru /lekiluru/ | wirl /wiɭ/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ | stella /ˈstella/ | indiya /indija/ |
| Nuit | jagun /ɟaɡun/ | ngurung /ˈŋuruŋ/ | maagamu /maaɡamu/ | pukanya /pukaɲa/ | munga /muŋa/ | notte /ˈnɔtːe/ | maru /maru/ |
| Pluie | gambal /ˈɡambal/ | — | ae /ae/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | minyira /miɲiɻa/ | pioggia /ˈpjɔdʒa/ | pundu /pundu/ |
| Vent | gulubu /ˈɡulubu/ | girrarr /ˈɡirar/ | gawa /ˈɡawa/ | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ | warlpa /waɭpa/ | ventu /ˈventu/ | uudinu /uudinu/ |
| Terre | jaju /ˈɟaɟu/ | dhaagun /ˈd̪aːɡun/ | maa /maa/ | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ | walya /walja/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | — |
| Pierre | diban /ɟiban/ | walang /ˈwalaŋ/ | apa /ˈapa/ | pamarr /ˈpamar/ | pirli /piɭi/ | petra /ˈpɛtra/ | — |
| Montagne | gambil /ˈɡambil/ | — | — | — | pamarrpa /pamaɾpa/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ | — |
| Mère | yabu /ˈjabu/ | gunhi /ˈɡun̪i/ | ina /ˈina/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | ngati /ŋati/ | mamma /ˈmamma/ | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ |
| Père | nguma /ˈŋuma/ | babiin /ˈbabiːn/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ | kirda /kiɖa/ | babbu /ˈbabːu/ | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ |
| Fille | daman /ˈdaman/ | ngamurr /ˈŋamur/ | — | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | figliola /fiʎˈʎola/ | yurdu /juɖu/ |
| Je | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngadhu /ˈŋad̪u/ | ani /ani/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | eiu /ˈɛju/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ |
| Tu | nginda /ŋinda/ | ngindhu /ˈŋind̪u/ | ai /ai/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | tù /tu/ | nyini /ɲini/ |
| Nous | ngana /ŋana/ | ngiyani /ŋiˈjani/ | fi / ini /fi / ini/ | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ |
| Nom | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yuwin /ˈjuwin/ | nai /nai/ | yini /jini/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ | nome /ˈnome/ | yini /jini/ |
| Œil | gayga /ˈɡajɡa/ | mil /mil/ | nana /ˈnana/ | mil /mil/ | milpa /milpa/ | ochju /ˈɔcu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Oreille | manga /ˈmaŋa/ | wuudha /ˈwuːd̪a/ | walaku /waˈlaku/ | pina /ˈpina/ | langa /laŋa/ | arechja /aˈrɛca/ | wurtka /wuʈka/ |
| Nez | guwu /ˈɡuwu/ | muurruu /ˈmuːruː/ | murikai /murikai/ | punul /ˈpunul/ | mulyu /muʎu/ | nasu /ˈnazu/ | muttha /mut̪a/ |
| Dent | dirra /dira/ | yirrang /ˈjiraŋ/ | wasi /wasi/ | lirra /lira/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ | idaji /idadʒi/ |
| Langue | jalnggulay /ɟalŋɡulaj/ | dhalayn /ˈd̪alajn/ | ipi /ipi/ | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ |
| Main | mala /ˈmala/ | marra /ˈmara/ | tana /ˈtana/ | kurrapa /kurapa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Pied | jina /ˈɟina/ | dhinang /ˈd̪inaŋ/ | iti /ˈiti/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ | pede /ˈpɛde/ | yina /jina/ |
| Cœur | rulgu /ˈɻulɡu/ | giiny /ɡiːɲ/ | — /—/ | turlpu /ˈtuɭpu/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ |
| Os | wurmbur /ˈwurmbur/ | dhabal /ˈd̪abal/ | sapa /ˈsapa/ | kiji /kiɟi/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ | mambu /mambu/ |
| Sang | waguli /waɡuli/ | guuwayn /ˈɡuːwajn/ | wai /wai/ | nungu /nuŋu/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | nguba /ŋuba/ |
| Caca | guna /ɡuna/ | guunang /ˈɡuːnaŋ/ | — | kura /ˈkuɻa/ | kuna /kuna/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | wuna /wuna/ |
| Amour | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | yulkami /julkami/ | amore /aˈmɔre/ | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ |
| Arbre | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | madhan /ˈmad̪an/ | ate /ˈate/ | mana /mana/ | watiya /watija/ | arburu /ˈarburu/ | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ |
| Chien | guda /ˈɡuda/ | mirri /ˈmiri/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | cane /ˈkane/ | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ |
| Chat | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | miyawu /mijawu/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ | ghjattu /ˈɟattu/ | paka /paka/ |
| Poisson | jabu /ˈɟabu/ | guuya /ˈɡuːja/ | seumeti /seumeti/ | kapi /kapi/ | yawu /jawu/ | pesciu /ˈpeʃu/ | wiitya /wiːca/ |
| Oiseau | dundu /ˈdundu/ | buujaan /ˈbuːɟaːn/ | asa /ˈasa/ | jiriki /ˈɟiɻiki/ | jurlpu /ˈɟuɭpu/ | uccellu /utˈtʃɛllu/ | — |
| Œuf | bambu /bambu/ | gabuuga /ˈɡabuːɡa/ | waa /waa/ | kampiny /kampiɲ/ | ngipiri /ŋipiɻi/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ | — |
| Maison | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | ngurang /ˈŋuɻaŋ/ | oma /ˈoma/ | mayaru /majaɻu/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ | casa /ˈkaza/ | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ |
| Manger | janggay /ˈɟaŋɡaj/ | dharra /ˈd̪ara/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ | manghjà /manˈɟa/ | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ |
| Boire | gunyjal /ˈɡuɲɟal/ | widyarra /ˈwiɟara/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | purrami /puɾami/ | beie /ˈbeje/ | nyuna /ɲuna/ |
| Dormir | bungil /ˈbuŋil/ | — | tae /tae/ | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ | durmì /durˈmi/ | wuupata /wuːpata/ |
| Un | yunggul /ˈjuŋɡul/ | ngumbaay /ˈŋumbaːj/ | u /ʔu/ | layi /laji/ | jinta /ɟinta/ | unu /ˈunu/ | kuyu /kuju/ |
| Deux | bulay /ˈbulaj/ | bula /ˈbula/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | kurriny /kuriɲ/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ | dui /ˈdui/ | wuthada /wut̪ada/ |
| Trois | garbu /ɡaɻbu/ | bula-ngumbaay /ˈbulaŋumbaːj/ | lolitu /lolitu/ | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ | trè /trɛ/ | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ |
| Bonjour | — /—/ | yaama /ˈjaːma/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | salute /saˈlute/ | — /—/ |
| Merci | — /—/ | mandaang guwu /ˈmandaːŋ ˈɡuwu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ | — /—/ |
| Bon | jigil /ˈɟiɡil/ | marang /ˈmaɻaŋ/ | rau /rau/ | wulyu /wuʎu/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ |
| Nouveau | gunyu /ˈɡuɲu/ | — | supa /ˈsupa/ | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ | jalangu-warnu /ɟalaŋuwaɳu/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ | — |
| Rouge | gunggu /ɡuŋɡu/ | girri-girri /ˈɡiriɡiri/ | imiri /imiri/ | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ | rossu /ˈrossu/ | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ |
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