Tayal
Atayal
Austronésia (Atayalic)
O atayal (Tayal) é a principal língua formosana setentrional do norte montanhoso de Taiwan, falada por cerca de 85K pessoas, com cerca de 10K falantes diários de L1 (língua materna). Reconhecida como uma das 16 línguas austronésias indígenas de Taiwan. Dois dialetos principais: Squliq (mais conservador, base do padrão) e C'uli'. Notável pela tradição de tatuagem facial (ptasan) que marca a idade adulta (proibida pela administração colonial japonesa em 1913). A morfologia verbal rica em reduplicação e o sistema austronésio de marcação de foco do atayal são evidências centrais nas hipóteses de Formosa-como-terra-de-origem.
Onde é falada
87 palavras essenciais em atayal
Fontes
Palavras comparadas
Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: Austronésia (Atayalic)
| Significado | Atayal | Truku/seediq | Bunun | Thao | Sasak | Batak angkola | Ngaju |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | qsyaʼ /qsijaʔ/ | qsiya /qsija/ | danum /danum/ | sazum /saðum/ | aiq /aiʔ/ | aek /aek/ | danum /danum/ |
| Fogo | puniq /puniq/ | puniq /puniq/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | apuy /apuj/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ |
| Sol | wagiʼ /waɡiʔ/ | hidaw /hidaw/ | vali /vali/ | fitulha /fituʎa/ | jelo /dʒəlo/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matanandau /matanandau/ |
| Lua | byacing /bjatʃiŋ/ | idas /idas/ | buan /buan/ | furaz /fuɾað/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Estrela | bingah /biŋah/ | pngrah /pŋəɾah/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | fituʼish /fituʔiʃ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Noite | mlhngan /mlhŋan/ | keeman /kəman/ | labian /labian/ | tanlhuan /tanɬuan/ | malem /maləm/ | borngin /borŋin/ | hamalem /hamaləm/ |
| Chuva | qwalax /qwalax/ | quyux /qujux/ | qudan /qudan/ | qusaz /qusað/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | ujan /udʒan/ |
| Neve | hlaqiy /hlaqij/ | huda /huda/ | paav /paav/ | ulhza /uɬða/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ |
| Vento | behuy /bəhuj/ | bgihur /bɡihuɾ/ | luvluv /luvluv/ | fari /faɾi/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | riwut /riwut/ |
| Terra | rhzyal /rhzjal/ | dxgal /dəxɡal/ | dalah /dalah/ | pruq /pruq/ | tanaq /tanaʔ/ | tano /tano/ | petak /petak/ |
| Pedra | btunux /btunux/ | btunux /btunux/ | batu /batu/ | fatu /fatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Montanha | rgyax /rɣjax/ | dgiyaq /dɡijaq/ | ludun /ludun/ | huzun /huðun/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | dolok /dolok/ | bukit /bukit/ |
| Mar | bsilung /bsiluŋ/ | gsilung /ɡsiluŋ/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | wazakan /waðakan/ | segare /səɡarə/ | laut /laut/ | tasik /tasik/ |
| Mãe | yayaʼ /jajaʔ/ | bubu /bubu/ | tina /tina/ | ina /ina/ | inaq /inaʔ/ | inang /inaŋ/ | indu /indu/ |
| Pai | yabaʼ /jabaʔ/ | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | ama /ama/ | amaq /amaʔ/ | amang /amaŋ/ | bapa /bapa/ |
| Filha | laqi kneril /laqi knəril/ | wauwa /wauwa/ | uvaazpingaz /uvaazpiŋaz/ | — | anak nine /anak ninə/ | boru /boru/ | anak bawi /anak bawi/ |
| Eu | kuzing /kuziŋ/ | yaku /jaku/ | saikin /saikin/ | yaku /jaku/ | aku /aku/ | au /au/ | aku /aku/ |
| Tu | isuʼ /ʔisuʔ/ | isu /ʔisu/ | suu /suʔu/ | ihu /ʔihu/ | side /sidə/ | ho /ho/ | ikau /ikau/ |
| Nós | itaʼ / sami /itaʔ / sami/ | ita / yami /ʔita / jami/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | ita / yamin /ʔita / jamin/ | ite / kami /itə / kami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | itah / ikei /itah / ikei/ |
| Nome | laluʼ /laluʔ/ | hangan /haŋan/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | tanan /tanan/ | aran /aran/ | goar /ɡoar/ | aran /aran/ |
| Pessoa | squliq /squliq/ | seediq /sədiq/ | bunun /bunun/ | caw /θaw/ | dengan /dəŋan/ | halak /halak/ | uluh /uluh/ |
| Cabeça | tunux /tunux/ | tunux /tunux/ | bungu /buŋu/ | punuq /punuq/ | otak /otak/ | ulu /ulu/ | takuluk /takuluk/ |
| Olho | roziq /roziq/ | dowriq /dowɾiq/ | mata /mata/ | maca /maθa/ | mate /matə/ | mata /mata/ | mate /mate/ |
| Orelha | papak /paˈpak/ | birat /biɾat/ | tainga /taiŋa/ | lharina /ɬarina/ | kentok /kəntok/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinding /pindiŋ/ |
| Nariz | nguhuw /ŋuhuw/ | muhing /muhiŋ/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ | muzin /muðin/ | irung /iruŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | urung /uruŋ/ |
| Boca | nqwaq /nqwaq/ | quwaq /quwaq/ | ngulus /ŋulus/ | ruzic /ɺuðiθ/ | biwih /biwih/ | baba /baba/ | nyama /ɲama/ |
| Dente | gʼnux /ɡʔnux/ | rupun /ɾupun/ | nipun /nipun/ | nipin /nipin/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ipon /ipon/ | kasinga /kasiŋa/ |
| Língua | hmaʼ /hmaʔ/ | hema /həma/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | zama /ðama/ | elaq /əlaʔ/ | dila /dila/ | jela /dʒelaʔ/ |
| Mão | qbaʼ /qbaʔ/ | baga /baɡa/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ | ime /imə/ | tangan /taŋan/ | lengen /ləŋən/ |
| Pé | kakay /kakaj/ | papak /papak/ | bantas /bantas/ | kuskus /kuskus/ | naé /nae/ | pat /pat/ | pai /pai/ |
| Coração | nyux /njux/ | lnglungan /lŋluŋan/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | putul /putul/ | ate /ate/ | roha /roha/ | atei /atei/ |
| Osso | baqniʼ /baqniʔ/ | but /but/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | puʼu /puʔu/ | tolang /tolaŋ/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Sangue | ramuʼ /ramuʔ/ | dara /daɾa/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ | talhum /taɬum/ | daraq /daraʔ/ | mudar /mudar/ | daha /dahaʔ/ |
| Cocô | quciʼ /qutsiʔ/ | quti /quti/ | taki /taki/ | caqi /θaqi/ | tai /tai/ | — | tai /tai/ |
| Amor | kmalu inlungan /kmalu inluŋan/ | gmalu /ɡmalu/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | madaidaz /madaiðað/ | tresne /trəsnə/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sinta /sinta/ |
| Árvore | qhuniq /qhuniq/ | qhuni /qhuni/ | kahu /kahu/ | lhalum /ʎalum/ | lolon kayu /lolon kaju/ | hayu /haju/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Cão | huzil /huzil/ | huling /huliŋ/ | asu /asu/ | atu /atu/ | acong /aˈtʃoŋ/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ |
| Gato | ngiyaw /ŋijaw/ | ngiyaw /ŋijaw/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | posi /posi/ | meong /meoŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | posa /posa/ |
| Peixe | qulih /quliç/ | qsurux /qsuɾux/ | iskan /iskan/ | rusaw /ɾusaw/ | empaq /əmpaʔ/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ |
| Pássaro | qbhniq /qbhniq/ | qbhni /qbhəni/ | hazam /hazam/ | rumfaz /ɾumfað/ | kedit /kədit/ | unggas /uŋɡas/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Borboleta | kperay /kpəraj/ | klaway /klawaj/ | balikuan /balikuan/ | kurari /kuɾaɾi/ | — | — | kakupu /kakupuʔ/ |
| Ovo | bazing /baziŋ/ | balung /baluŋ/ | lububunun /lububunun/ | qaricuy /qaɾiθuj/ | teloq /təloʔ/ | pira /pira/ | tanteluh /tantəluh/ |
| Urso | ngarux /ŋarux/ | sumay /sumaj/ | tumaz /tumað/ | cumay /θumai/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | bahuang /bahuaŋ/ |
| Cavalo | rmeʼ /rməʔ/ | dmay /dmaj/ | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | tishmamraw /tiʃmamɾaw/ | jaran /dʒaran/ | kudo /kudo/ | kuda /kuda/ |
| Casa | ngasal /ŋasal/ | sapah /sapah/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | kayan /kajan/ | bale /bale/ | bagas /baɡas/ | huma /huma/ |
| Leite | mirukuʼ /mirukuʔ/ | nunuh /nunuh/ | susu /susu/ | — | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Mel | buq na hzing /buq na hziŋ/ | beyuq /bejuq/ | vanu /vanu/ | fulhia wa madahun /fuɬia wa madahun/ | madu /madu/ | aer ni loba /aer ni loba/ | madu /madu/ |
| Sal | cimuʼ /tsimuʔ/ | cimu /tsimu/ | hasila /hasila/ | qtilha /qtiɬa/ | sie /siə/ | sira /sira/ | uyah /ujah/ |
| Arroz | bwax /bwax/ | buwax payay /buwax pajaj/ | cilas /tsilas/ | — | beras /bəras/ | — | behas /behas/ |
| Ferro | baliq /baliq/ | xiluy /xiluj/ | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | balis /balis/ | besi /bəsi/ | bosi /bosi/ | wasi /wasi/ |
| Roda | hbangan /hbaŋan/ | ribaw /ɾibaw/ | tauntaun /tauntaun/ | — | gegiling /ɡəɡiliŋ/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ |
| Livro | biruʼ /biruʔ/ | patis /patis/ | patasan /patasan/ | patashan /pataʃan/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ |
| Comer | maniq /maniq/ | meekan /meekan/ | maun /maun/ | kuman /kuman/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kuman /kuman/ |
| Beber | mnbuw /mnbuw/ | mimah /mimah/ | muqun /muqun/ | naqayan /naqajan/ | nginem /ŋinəm/ | minum /minum/ | mihop /mihop/ |
| Dormir | mʼabiʼ /mʔabiʔ/ | mtaqi /mtaqi/ | masabah /masabah/ | malhus /maɬus/ | tindoq /tindoʔ/ | modom /modom/ | batiruh /batiruh/ |
| Um | qutux /qutux/ | kingal /kiŋal/ | tasa /tasa/ | tata /tata/ | sekéq /səkeʔ/ | sada /sada/ | ije /ije/ |
| Dois | sazing /saziŋ/ | dha /daha/ | dusa /dusa/ | tusha /tuʃa/ | due /duə/ | dua /dua/ | due /ˈdue/ |
| Três | cyugal /tsjuɡal/ | teru /təɾu/ | tau /tau/ | turu /tuɾu/ | telu /təlu/ | tolu /tolu/ | telo /təlo/ |
| Quatro | payat /pajat/ | sepac /səpats/ | paat /paːt/ | shpat /ʃpat/ | empat /əmpat/ | opat /opat/ | epat /əpat/ |
| Cinco | magal /maɣal/ | rima /ɾima/ | hima /hima/ | rima /rima/ | lima /limə/ | lima /lima/ | lime /lime/ |
| Cem | kbhul /kβhul/ | kbekuy /kbəkuj/ | saba /saba/ | shaba /ʃaba/ | satus /satus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ |
| Olá | lokah /lokah/ | embiyax /əmbijax/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | ya /ja/ | salam /salam/ | horas /horas/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| Obrigado | mhuway /mhuwaj/ | mhuway /mhuwaj/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | mihu /mihu/ | tampi asih /tampi asih/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ |
| Bom | blaq /blaq/ | malu /malu/ | masial /masial/ | kapah /kapah/ | solah /solah/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | bahalap /bahalap/ |
| Novo | geqas /ɡəqas/ | bgurah /bɡuɾah/ | bahlu /baɬu/ | faqlhu /faqɬu/ | baru /baru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | taheta /taheta/ |
| Vermelho | mtalah /mtalah/ | mbanah /mbanah/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | mashinaw /maʃinaw/ | beaq /beaʔ/ | rara /rara/ | bahandang /bahandaŋ/ |
| Branco | plqwiʼ /plqwiʔ/ | bhgay /bhəɡaj/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | mapuzi /mapuði/ | putiq /putiʔ/ | bontar /bontar/ | baputi /baputi/ |
| Preto | mqalux /mqalux/ | mqalux /mqalux/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | maqusum /maqusum/ | bideng /bidəŋ/ | lomlom /lomlom/ | babilem /babiləm/ |
| Verde | mtasiq /mtasiq/ | msama /msama/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | madishlum /madiʃlum/ | ijo /idʒo/ | rata /rata/ | bahijau /bahidʒau/ |
| Azul | mtasiq /mtasiq/ | mgkarats /mŋ̩kaɾats/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | madishlum /madiʃlum/ | biru /biru/ | rata langit /rata laŋit/ | biru /biru/ |
| Computador | tennaw /tənnaw/ | patas samaw | tinnau /tinnau/ | tiannau /tiannau/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Chá | ocyaʼ /otsjaʔ/ | ocya /otsja/ | ucia /utsia/ | — | tih /tih/ | — | teh /teh/ |
| Açúcar | kmsyaʼ /kmsjaʔ/ | qmsiya /qəmsija/ | kamasia /kamasia/ | — | gule /ɡulə/ | — | — |
| Laranja | yutak /jutak/ | mami /mami/ | izuk /izuk/ | — | — | — | — |
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