Plautdietsch
indo-europeu
O plautdietsch (baixo-alemão menonita) é uma língua germânica ocidental do baixo-alemão descendente dos dialetos do Vístula da Prússia Ocidental falados pelos menonitas anabatistas que migraram dos Países Baixos para o delta do Vístula no século XVI. É hoje falado por cerca de 400 000 menonitas espalhados pela Rússia, Alemanha, Canadá, EUA, México, Paraguai, Brasil e Bolívia, todos descendentes dos menonitas originais do Vístula que migraram para a Rússia de Catarina, a Grande, na década de 1780 e depois para as Américas após 1874, quando o governo russo revogou a sua isenção do serviço militar. O plautdietsch é incomum entre as variedades do baixo-alemão por ter mantido uma vibrante transmissão intergeracional inteiramente através do isolamento da comunidade religiosa, apesar da ausência de qualquer país de origem. As maiores comunidades plautdietsch contemporâneas estão na Bolívia (~70 mil, assentamentos da Colônia Velha de Santa Cruz) e no México (~50 mil, Chihuahua), onde os menonitas mantêm colônias agrícolas e rejeitam a maior parte da tecnologia moderna.
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87 palavras essenciais em plautdietsch
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Comparação com línguas da mesma classificação: indo-europeu
| Significado | Plautdietsch | Baixo-alemão | Kölsch | Alemão da Pensilvânia | Alemão padrão suíço | Alemão | Alemão da era de Lutero |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Água | Wota /vɔta/ | Water /vɑːtɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasər/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /ˈvasːər/ |
| Fogo | Fia /fia/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ | Feier /faɪər/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Fewr /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ |
| Sol | Sonn /zɔn/ | Sünn /zʏn/ | Sonn /zɔn/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /ˈzɔnə/ |
| Lua | Mon /moːn/ | Maan /maːn/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Muun /muːn/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ |
| Estrela | Stearn /stæːɾn/ | Steern /steːrn/ | Stään /ʃtɛːn/ | Schtann /ʃtan/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ |
| Noite | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Naach /naːx/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Chuva | Rejen /ˈɾɛɪjən/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Räje /ˈʁɛːjə/ | Regge /ˈrɛɡə/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ |
| Neve | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Snee /sneː/ | Schnei /ʃnaɪ/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | Wint /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ |
| Terra | Ieed /iːt/ | Eer /eːɐ/ | Ääd /ɛːt/ | Erd /ɛrt/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ |
| Pedra | Steen /stɔɪn/ | Steen /steːn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Schtee /ʃteː/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ |
| Montanha | Boajch /boajç/ | Barg /barx/ | Berch /bɛʁɕ/ | Barig /ˈbarɪç/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛrk/ |
| Mar | Mäa /mɛːa/ | See /zeː/ | Meer /meːɐ/ | See /seː/ | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːr/ |
| Mãe | Mutta /ˈmʊta/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ | Mudder /mʊdər/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ |
| Pai | Voda /ˈfoːda/ | Vader /fɑːdɐ/ | Vatter /fatɐ/ | Daadi /daːdi/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ |
| Filha | Dochta /ˈdoxta/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | Dochder /dɔxdər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ |
| Eu | ekj /ɛc/ | ik /ɪk/ | ich /ɪɕ/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| Tu | du /du/ | du /duː/ | do /doː/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ |
| Nós | wie /viː/ | wi /viː/ | mir /miɐ/ | mir /miːɐ̯/ | wir /viːr/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːr/ |
| Nome | Nome /ˈnoːmə/ | Naam /naːm/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Naame /ˈnɔːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Pessoa | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ |
| Cabeça | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Heubt /hɔɪ̯pt/ |
| Olho | Uag /uak/ | Oog /oːx/ | Auch /aʊx/ | Aag /ɔːk/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Aug /aʊk/ |
| Orelha | Oa /oːa/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Uhr /uːɐ/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːr/ |
| Nariz | Näs /nɛːs/ | Nees /neːs/ | Nas /nas/ | Naas /nɔːs/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ |
| Boca | Mul /muːl/ | Muul /muːl/ | Muul /muːl/ | Maul /maʊl/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ |
| Dente | Tän /tɛn/ | Tähn /tɛːn/ | Zang /tsaŋ/ | Zaah /tsɔː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ |
| Língua | Tung /tʊŋ/ | Tung /tʊŋ/ | Zung /tsʊŋ/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ |
| Mão | Haunt /haʊnt/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Handt /hant/ |
| Pé | Foot /foːt/ | Foot /fɔʊ̯t/ | Foß /foːs/ | Fuuss /fuːs/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fus /fuːs/ |
| Coração | Hoat /hoat/ | Hart /haɐt/ | Hätz /hɛts/ | Hatz /hats/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Hertz /hɛrts/ |
| Osso | Knoaken /ˈknoakən/ | Knaken /ˈknaːkən/ | Knoche /ˈknɔxə/ | Gnoche /ˈɡnoxə/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Bein /baɪn/ |
| Sangue | Bloot /bloːt/ | Bloot /bloːt/ | Blot /bloːt/ | Blut /blut/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ |
| Cocô | Kak /kak/ | Schiet /ʃiːt/ | Driss /dʁɪs/ | — /—/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Dreck /drɛk/ |
| Amor | Leew /leːf/ | Leev /leːf/ | Leev /leːf/ | liewe /liːvə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ |
| Árvore | Boom /boːm/ | Boom /boːm/ | Boum /baʊm/ | Baam /ˈbɔːm/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Bawm /baʊm/ |
| Cão | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hongk /hoŋk/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Gato | Kaut /kaʊt/ | Katt /kat/ | Katz /kats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ |
| Peixe | Fesch /fɛʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fesch /fɛʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Pássaro | Voagel /foəɡəl/ | Vagel /ˈfaːɣəl/ | Vugel /fʊɡəl/ | Voggel /fɔɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡəl/ |
| Borboleta | Sommavoagel /ˈzɔmafoəɡəl/ | Sommervagel /ˈzɔmɐfaːɣəl/ | — | Fleddermaus /ˈflɛdərmaʊs/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Pfeifholter /ˈpfaɪfhɔltər/ |
| Ovo | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /ai/ | Ei /ai/ | Oi /ɔɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ey /aɪ̯/ |
| Urso | Boa /boːa/ | Boor /boːr/ | Bär /bɛːɐ/ | Baer /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːr/ |
| Cavalo | Pieet /piːt/ | Peerd /peːrt/ | Pääd /pɛːt/ | Gaul /ɡaʊ̯l/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ |
| Casa | Hus /huːs/ | Huus /huːs/ | Huus /huːs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Hauß /haʊs/ |
| Leite | Malkj /malc/ | Melk /mɛlk/ | Milesch /ˈmɪləʃ/ | Millich /ˈmɪlɪç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ |
| Mel | Honnich /ˈhɔnɪç/ | Honnig /ˈhɔnɪç/ | Honnich /ˈhɔnɪɕ/ | Hunnich /ˈhʊnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ |
| Sal | Solt /zolt/ | Solt /zɔlt/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Saltz /zalts/ |
| Vinho | Wien /viːn/ | Wien /viːn/ | Wing /vɪŋ/ | Wei /vaɪ/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ |
| Arroz | Riess /ɾiːs/ | Ries /riːs/ | — | Reis /raɪs/ | Reis /raɪs/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ | Reis /raɪs/ |
| Chocolate | Schaklitz /ˈʃaklɪts/ | Schokolaad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | Schokolad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | — | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | — |
| Ferro | Iesa /ˈiːza/ | Iesen /ˈiːzn̩/ | Ieser /ˈiːzɐ/ | Eise /ˈaɪsə/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪzən/ |
| Roda | Raut /ɾaʊt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Raad /rɔːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /raːt/ |
| Seda | Sied /ziːt/ | Sied /ziː/ | — | — /—/ | Seide /ˈsaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ |
| Livro | Buak /buak/ | Book /boːk/ | Booch /boːx/ | Buch /bux/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ |
| Comer | äten /ɛːtən/ | eten /eːtn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ | esse /ɛsə/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ˈɛsːən/ |
| Beber | drinken /dɾɪŋkən/ | drinken /drɪŋkn̩/ | drinke /dʁɪŋkə/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trincken /ˈtrɪŋkən/ |
| Dormir | schlopen /ˈʃlɔːpm̩/ | slapen /ˈslaːpn̩/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlaffen /ˈʃlafən/ |
| Um | eent /eːnt/ | een /eːn/ | ein /aɪn/ | eens /eːns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eyn /aɪ̯n/ |
| Dois | twee /tveː/ | twee /tveː/ | zwei /tsvai/ | zwee /tsveː/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwey /tsvaɪ/ |
| Três | dree /dɾeː/ | dree /dreː/ | dree /dʁeː/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ |
| Quatro | vea /fɘɪɐ/ | veer /feːɐ̯/ | veer /feːʁ/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːr/ |
| Cinco | fief /fiːf/ | fief /fiːf/ | fönnef /ˈfœnəf/ | fimf /fɪmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünff /fʏnf/ |
| Cem | hundat /ˈhʊndat/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ |
| Olá | Goondach /ɡoːndax/ | Moin /mɔɪn/ | Tach /tax/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Gott zum Gruß /ɡɔt tsʊm ɡruːs/ |
| Obrigado | Donk /dɔŋk/ | Dankschöön /daŋkʃøːn/ | Dankeschön /daŋkəʃøːn/ | Denki /dɛŋki/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | Danck /daŋk/ |
| Bom | goot /ɡoːt/ | goot /ɡoːt/ | joot /joːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| Novo | nie /niː/ | nee /neː/ | neu /nøʏ/ | nei /naɪ/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | new /nɔɪ̯/ |
| Vermelho | root /ɾoːt/ | root /roːt/ | rud /ʁuːt/ | rot /rot/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /roːt/ |
| Branco | witt /vɪt/ | witt /vɪt/ | wieß /viːs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weis /vaɪ̯s/ |
| Preto | schwoat /ʃvɔɐ̯t/ | swart /svart/ | schwatz /ʃvats/ | schwatz /ʃvats/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwartz /ʃvarts/ |
| Verde | jreen /jɾeːn/ | gröön /ɡrøːn/ | jröön /jʁøːn/ | grie /ɡriː/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ |
| Azul | bleiw /blɛɪ̯f/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blɔu/ | bloh /bloː/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ/ |
| Cuco | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kukuk /ˈkuːkuk/ | — | — | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | gukuk /ˈɡʊkʊk/ |
| Computador | Komputa /ˈkɔmpyta/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /komˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Rechenmeister /ˈrɛçənˌmaɪstər/ |
| Chá | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | — |
| Café | Koffe /ˈkɔfə/ | Koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | Kaffe /ˈkafə/ | Kaffi /ˈkafi/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | Kaffee /ˈkafeː/ | — |
| Açúcar | Zocka /ˈtsɔka/ | Sucker /ˈzʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /tsʊkər/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ |
| Laranja | Aupelsien /ˈaʊpəlzin/ | Apelsien /apəlˈziːn/ | Appelsin /apəlˈsiːn/ | Arrentsch /ˈarəntʃ/ | Orange /oˈraŋʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Pomeranze /pɔməˈrantsə/ |
| 99 | näajen-un-näajentich /ˈnɛːajənʊnˌnɛːajəntɪç/ | negenunnegentig /ˈneːɡn̩ʊnˌneːɡn̩tɪç/ | — | nein un neinzich /naɪn ʊn naɪntsɪç/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔɪ̯nʊntˌnɔɪ̯ntsɪk/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ | — |
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