Guugu Yimidhirr
Guugu yimithirr
pama-nyungan (branche pamane, cap York oriental)
Le guugu yimithirr (également écrit Guugu Yimidhirr ; ISO 639-3 : kky) est une langue paman de la famille pama-nyungan, traditionnellement parlée sur les terres entourant l’Endeavour River, dans l’extrême nord du Queensland en Australie. Son usage est aujourd’hui centré sur Hope Vale et les communautés voisines au nord de Cooktown. Cette langue est réputée pour un système de référence spatiale qui emploie fréquemment des directions cardinales absolues comme le nord et le sud, là où de nombreuses langues utilisent des termes centrés sur le locuteur comme gauche et droite. L’étude de ce système a rendu le guugu yimithirr important pour les recherches sur le langage, la cognition et l’orientation spatiale. Le mot anglais kangaroo vient du guugu yimithirr gangurru, relevé auprès de locuteurs locaux par des membres de l’expédition de James Cook à l’Endeavour River en 1770.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en guugu yimithirr
Sources
- Haviland (1979) "Guugu Yimidhirr" in Dixon & Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian Languages vol. 1, pp.27-180
- Haviland (1979) Guugu Yimidhirr Sketch Grammar (ANU Press)
- Levinson (1992, 1997) "Language and Cognition: The Cognitive Consequences of Spatial Description in Guugu Yimithirr" J. Linguistic Anthropology 7:1
- Glottolog: Guugu Yimithirr (gugu1255)
- Ethnologue: kky
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : pama-nyungan (branche pamane, cap York oriental)
| Sens | Guugu yimithirr | Lardil | Dyirbal | Nhanda | Walmajarri | Wiradjuri | Yangkaal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | buurraay /buːraːj/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | bana /ˈbana/ | kapi /kapi/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | galing /ˈɡaliŋ/ | nguku /ŋuku/ |
| Feu | yugu /juɡu/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | buni /ˈbuni/ | warla /waɻla/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | wiiny /wiːɲ/ | ngida /ŋida/ |
| Soleil | ngalan /ŋalan/ | warrka /waɾka/ | garri /ˈɡari/ | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ | purangu /puɻaŋu/ | yiray /ˈjiɻaj/ | warrku /waɾku/ |
| Lune | giidha /ɡiːd̪a/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | kanyala /kaɲala/ | yakarn /jakaɳ/ | giwang /ˈɡiwaŋ/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ |
| Étoile | dawaar /dawaːɻ/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | indiya /indija/ | wirl /wiɭ/ | giralang /ˈɡiɻalaŋ/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ |
| Nuit | wudhurr /wud̪ur/ | nata /nata/ | jagun /ɟaɡun/ | maru /maru/ | pukanya /pukaɲa/ | ngurung /ˈŋuruŋ/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ |
| Pluie | madyi /maɟi/ | — | gambal /ˈɡambal/ | pundu /pundu/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | — | — |
| Vent | daan.gaay /daːnɡaːj/ | — | gulubu /ˈɡulubu/ | uudinu /uudinu/ | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ | girrarr /ˈɡirar/ | — |
| Terre | bubu /bubu/ | — | jaju /ˈɟaɟu/ | — | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ | dhaagun /ˈd̪aːɡun/ | — |
| Pierre | nambal /nambal/ | — | diban /ɟiban/ | — | pamarr /ˈpamar/ | walang /ˈwalaŋ/ | — |
| Montagne | manydyal /maɲɟal/ | — | gambil /ˈɡambil/ | — | — | — | — |
| Mer | dhalun /d̪alun/ | — | — | — | jawurlata /ˈɟawuɭata/ | — | — |
| Mère | ngamu /ŋamu/ | ngama /ŋama/ | yabu /ˈjabu/ | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | gunhi /ˈɡun̪i/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ |
| Père | biiba /biːba/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | nguma /ˈŋuma/ | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ | babiin /ˈbabiːn/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ |
| Fille | ngudhurr /ŋud̪ur/ | — | daman /ˈdaman/ | yurdu /juɖu/ | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ | ngamurr /ˈŋamur/ | — |
| Je | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngadhu /ˈŋad̪u/ | ngada /ŋada/ |
| Tu | nyundu /ɲundu/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | nginda /ŋinda/ | nyini /ɲini/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | ngindhu /ˈŋind̪u/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ |
| Nous | nganhdhaan / nganhdhanun /ŋan̪d̪aːn / ŋan̪d̪anun/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | ngana /ŋana/ | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ | ngiyani /ŋiˈjani/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ |
| Nom | gadil /ɡadil/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | yuwin /ˈjuwin/ | nida /nida/ |
| Personne | bama /bama/ | — | — | arnmanu /aɳmanu/ | piyirn /ˈpijiɳ/ | gibirr /ˈɡibir/ | — |
| Tête | ngaabaay /ŋaːbaːj/ | — | — | — | jurlu /ˈɟuɭu/ | balang /ˈbalaŋ/ | — |
| Œil | miil /miːl/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | gayga /ˈɡajɡa/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | mil /mil/ | mil /mil/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ |
| Oreille | milga /milɡa/ | — | manga /ˈmaŋa/ | wurtka /wuʈka/ | pina /ˈpina/ | wuudha /ˈwuːd̪a/ | — |
| Nez | budhiil /bud̪iːl/ | — | guwu /ˈɡuwu/ | muttha /mut̪a/ | punul /ˈpunul/ | muurruu /ˈmuːruː/ | — |
| Bouche | barrgaar /barɡaːɻ/ | — | — | ngarnmanu /ŋaɳmanu/ | — | ngayn /ŋajn/ | — |
| Dent | muliir /muliːɻ/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | dirra /dira/ | idaji /idadʒi/ | lirra /lira/ | yirrang /ˈjiraŋ/ | damanda /damanda/ |
| Langue | nganhdhaar /ŋan̪d̪aːɻ/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | jalnggulay /ɟalŋɡulaj/ | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ | dhalayn /ˈd̪alajn/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ |
| Main | mangal /maŋal/ | marlda /maɭda/ | mala /ˈmala/ | mara /maɻa/ | kurrapa /kurapa/ | marra /ˈmara/ | — /—/ |
| Pied | dhamal /d̪amal/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | yina /jina/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | dhinang /ˈd̪inaŋ/ | — |
| Cœur | dadhali /dad̪ali/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | rulgu /ˈɻulɡu/ | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ | turlpu /ˈtuɭpu/ | giiny /ɡiːɲ/ | — /—/ |
| Os | badhibay /bad̪ibaj/ | kadma /kadma/ | wurmbur /ˈwurmbur/ | mambu /mambu/ | kiji /kiɟi/ | dhabal /ˈd̪abal/ | julda /ɟulda/ |
| Sang | ganbi /ɡanbi/ | kanda /kanda/ | waguli /waɡuli/ | nguba /ŋuba/ | nungu /nuŋu/ | guuwayn /ˈɡuːwajn/ | kandu /kandu/ |
| Caca | mangga /maŋɡa/ | — | guna /ɡuna/ | wuna /wuna/ | kura /ˈkuɻa/ | guunang /ˈɡuːnaŋ/ | — |
| Amour | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Arbre | yugu /juɡu/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ | mana /mana/ | madhan /ˈmad̪an/ | — /—/ |
| Chien | gudaa /ɡudaː/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | guda /ˈɡuda/ | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | mirri /ˈmiri/ | — /—/ |
| Chat | buthigan /but̪iɡan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | paka /paka/ | miyawu /mijawu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Poisson | guudyu /ɡuːɟu/ | yaka /jaka/ | jabu /ˈɟabu/ | wiitya /wiːca/ | kapi /kapi/ | guuya /ˈɡuːja/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ |
| Oiseau | dyidyirr /ɟiɟir/ | — | dundu /ˈdundu/ | — | jiriki /ˈɟiɻiki/ | buujaan /ˈbuːɟaːn/ | — |
| Papillon | walbuulbul /walbuːlbul/ | — | — | ngaabeera /ŋaːbeːra/ | pirrpirntipirnti /pirpiɳʈipiɳʈi/ | buuja-buuja /ˈbuːɟabuːɟa/ | — |
| Œuf | gundil /ɡundil/ | — | bambu /bambu/ | — | kampiny /kampiɲ/ | gabuuga /ˈɡabuːɡa/ | — |
| Cheval | yarraman /jaraman/ | — | — | — | timana /ˈtimana/ | yarraman /ˈjaraman/ | — |
| Maison | bayan /bajan/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ | mayaru /majaɻu/ | ngurang /ˈŋuɻaŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Lait | guyuu /ɡujuː/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Miel | mula /mula/ | — | — | — | karlaka /ˈkaɭaka/ | ngarruu /ˈŋaruː/ | — |
| Manger | budal /budal/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | janggay /ˈɟaŋɡaj/ | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | dharra /ˈd̪ara/ | — /—/ |
| Boire | dyidyal /ɟiɟal/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | gunyjal /ˈɡuɲɟal/ | nyuna /ɲuna/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | widyarra /ˈwiɟara/ | — /—/ |
| Dormir | waarrnggu /waːrŋɡu/ | — | bungil /ˈbuŋil/ | wuupata /wuːpata/ | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ | — | — |
| Un | nubuun /nubuːn/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | yunggul /ˈjuŋɡul/ | kuyu /kuju/ | layi /laji/ | ngumbaay /ˈŋumbaːj/ | — /—/ |
| Deux | gudhiirra /ɡud̪iːra/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | bulay /ˈbulaj/ | wuthada /wut̪ada/ | kurriny /kuriɲ/ | bula /ˈbula/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ |
| Trois | guunduu /ɡuːnduː/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | garbu /ɡaɻbu/ | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ | bula-ngumbaay /ˈbulaŋumbaːj/ | — /—/ |
| Cinq | gaguwarr /ɡaɡuwar/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Bonjour | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | yaama /ˈjaːma/ | — /—/ |
| Merci | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mandaang guwu /ˈmandaːŋ ˈɡuwu/ | — /—/ |
| Bon | dabaar /dabaːɻ/ | kuba /kuba/ | jigil /ˈɟiɡil/ | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ | wulyu /wuʎu/ | marang /ˈmaɻaŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Nouveau | nhilaa /n̪ilaː/ | — | gunyu /ˈɡuɲu/ | — | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ | — | — |
| Rouge | diini /diːni/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | gunggu /ɡuŋɡu/ | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ | girri-girri /ˈɡiriɡiri/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ |
| Blanc | dyinggaa /ɟiŋɡaː/ | — | — | wilidi /wilidi/ | parpjarti /ˈpaɻpɟaɻti/ | barrabarra /ˈbarabara/ | — |
| Noir | munhi /mun̪i/ | — | — | — | kurnkurn /kuɳkuɳ/ | buudhang /ˈbuːd̪aŋ/ | — |
| Thé | buurr /buːr/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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