Gayogo̱hó:nǫʼ
Cayuga
iroquoien (septentrional, Cinq Nations)
Le cayuga (Gayogo̱hó:nǫʼ, « peuple du marais ») est une langue iroquoienne du Nord de l'historique nation cayuga, originaire du lac Cayuga (Finger Lakes), dans l'État de New York. La dispersion des Six Nations de la Confédération iroquoise (Haudenosaunee) après la Révolution américaine a déplacé la plupart des Cayugas vers l'Ontario. Aujourd'hui, il reste environ 30 locuteurs âgés parlant couramment la langue aux Six Nations de la rivière Grand ; une école maternelle en immersion (Onǫkwaʼshónaʼ Gayogo̱hó:nǫʼ) et les programmes pour adultes du Six Nations Polytechnic soutiennent les apprenants de cette langue d'héritage.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en cayuga
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : iroquoien (septentrional, Cinq Nations)
| Sens | Cayuga | Langue onondaga | Mohawk | Tuscarora | Oneida | Proto-austroasiatique | Koyukon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | ohneganóhs /ohneɡanóhs/ | ohnéganos /ohnéɡanos/ | ohné:kanos /ohnéːɡanos/ | awę: /awɛ̃ː/ | one:kánus /oneːkánũs/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | too /toː/ |
| Feu | odé:kaʼ /odéːkaʔ/ | odékhaʼ /odékʰaʔ/ | otsénhaʼ /odzʌ̃́haʔ/ | ujihst /udʒihst/ | o:tsísteʼ /oːdʒísteʔ/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ | kkunʼ /kːunʔ/ |
| Soleil | gá:gwa:ʼ /ɡáːɡwaːʔ/ | gaehʼkwa /ɡaehʔkwa/ | karáhkwa /karáhkwa/ | hęhts /hɛ̃hts/ | kalahkwaʼ /kalahkwaʔ/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ | so /so/ |
| Lune | ęhníʼda:ʼ /ẽhníʔdaːʔ/ | gaehʼkwa enitha /ɡaehʔkwa enitha/ | ehníta /ehníːta/ | hęhts uri:węh /hɛ̃hts uɾiːwɛ̃h/ | wʌhní:taleʼ /wʌ̃hníːtaleʔ/ | *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/ | dołtʼolee /doɬtʼoliː/ |
| Étoile | ojihsǫ́:da:ʼ /odʒihsṍːdaːʔ/ | otsistoʼgwaʼ /odʒistoʔɡwaʔ/ | otsistohkwaʼ /otsistohkwaʔ/ | utsíhstaʼ /utsíhstaʔ/ | otsistóhkwaʼ /odʒistóhkwaʔ/ | *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/ | tłoonʼ /tɬoːnʔ/ |
| Nuit | ahsǫheh /ahsõheh/ | ahsų́t /ahsṹt/ | ahsútha /ahsṹtʰa/ | ahthathu /ahθaθu/ | wahsutáti /wahsũtáti/ | *cəːm /cəːm/ | łida /ɬida/ |
| Pluie | ohsda:ʼ /ohsdaːʔ/ | — | — | — | — | *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/ | konh /konh/ |
| Neige | oʼgraʼ /oʔɡraʔ/ | óʼgęʼ /óʔɡɛ̃ːʔ/ | óniehte /ónjehte/ | — | onyʌ́hteʼ /onjʌ̃́hteʔ/ | — | tseetl /tsʰiːtɬʰ/ |
| Vent | owá:deʼ /owáːdeʔ/ | ó·wæʼ /óːwæʔ/ | óweraʼ /óweraʔ/ | — | owe:lá /oweːlá/ | *kjɔʔ /kjɔʔ/ | — |
| Terre | ohéhdaʼ /ohéhdaʔ/ | — | ohóntsaʼ /ohṹtsaʔ/ | — | ohwʌ́tsyaʼ /ohwʌ̃́tsjaʔ/ | *tiʔ /tiʔ/ | ninʼ /ninʔ/ |
| Pierre | ga̱hsgwa:ʼ /ɡḁhskwaːʔ/ | — | onén:iaʼ /onʌ̃́ːjaʔ/ | — | onʌ:yá: /onʌ̃ːjáː/ | *tmɔʔ /tmɔʔ/ | laʼona /laʔona/ |
| Mère | knó:haʼ /knóːhaʔ/ | ekno:haʼ /eknoːhaʔ/ | istá /istá/ | raknų:hak /ɾaknũːhak/ | aknulha /aknulha/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | eenaa /iːnaː/ |
| Père | haʼnih /haʔnih/ | hakʼno:haʼ /hakʔnoːhaʔ/ | rakeʼníha /rakeʔníha/ | rakhnih /ɾakhnih/ | — /—/ | *ɓa(ː)ʔ /ɓaːʔ/ | eetaa /iːtaː/ |
| Fille | kehá:wahk /keháːwahk/ | khehá·wah /kʰeháːwah/ | kheién:ʼa /kʰejẽ́ːʔa/ | — | kheyʌ́:ha /kʰejʌ̃́ːha/ | — | — |
| Je | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ | see /siː/ |
| Tu | i:s /iːs/ | is /is/ | í:seʼ /íːseʔ/ | í:saʼ /iːsaʔ/ | isé /isé/ | *miːʔ /miːʔ/ | ninh /ninh/ |
| Nous | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | *hiːʔ /hiːʔ/ | — /—/ |
| Nom | ga̱hsę́:naʼ /ɡḁhsɛ̃́ːnaʔ/ | yaʼts /jaʔts/ | kahsén:na /kahsʌ̃́ːna/ | utshe:naʼ /utsʰeːnaʔ/ | ohsʌ:ná: /ohsʌ̃ːnáː/ | *ɟmuh /ɟmuh/ | oos /oːs/ |
| Personne | ǫ́:gweh /ṍːɡweh/ | ų́·gweh /ṹːɡweh/ | ón:kwe /ṹːɡwe/ | — | ukwé /ũkwé/ | *m-raʔ /mraʔ/ | dinaa /dinaː/ |
| Tête | onǫ́ʼa:ʼ /onṍʔaːʔ/ | — | onón:tsi /onṹːtsi/ | — | — | *ɓoːkʔ /ɓoːkʔ/ | -tłeeʼ /tɬiːʔ/ |
| Œil | ogáhaʼ /oɡáhaʔ/ | oga:thaʼ /oɡaːtʰaʔ/ | okà:raʼ /okàːraʔ/ | ka:tæk /kaːtæk/ | oká:laʼ /okáːlaʔ/ | *mat /mat/ | -noghaʼ /noɣaʔ/ |
| Nez | oʼnyǫ́hsaʼ /oʔɲṍhsaʔ/ | — | oʼniónhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | — | oʼnyúhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | *muh /muh/ | — |
| Dent | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onáwiraʼ /onáwiraʔ/ | uʼtuʼth /əʔtuʔθ/ | onawi:lá: /onawiːláː/ | *lmVɲ /lməɲ/ | aghoʼ /aɣoʔ/ |
| Langue | awę́ʼno̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́ʔno̥hsaʔ/ | oʼnahsaʼ /oʔnahsaʔ/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnã́hsaʔ/ | uʼtahs /əʔtahs/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnáhsaʔ/ | *lntaːk /lntaːk/ | łolaʼ /ɬolaʔ/ |
| Main | ohsóhdaʼ /ohsóhdaʔ/ | onénǫhsaʼ /onénõhsaʔ/ | ohtsà:na /ohtsaːna/ | kéhskweh /kehskweh/ | osnúhsaʼ /osnṹhsaʔ/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ | -loʼ /loʔ/ |
| Pied | ohsiʼdaʼ /ohsiʔdaʔ/ | ohsiʼtaʼ /ohsiʔtaʔ/ | ohsì:taʼ /ohsìːtaʔ/ | káhseh /kahseh/ | ohsí:taʼ /ohsíːtaʔ/ | *ɟəːŋ /ɟəːŋ/ | -kkaaʼ /kːaːʔ/ |
| Cœur | awę́yǫ̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́jõ̥hsaʔ/ | awé:ri /awéːri/ | awerì:ʼa /aweɾìːʔa/ | kęhsaʼ /kɛ̃hsaʔ/ | awelyá:ne /aweljáːne/ | *nuːɕ /nuːɕ/ | -dzaayaʼ /tsaːjaʔ/ |
| Os | ohsgyę́ʼda:ʼ /ohskjɛ̃́ʔdaːʔ/ | ostyęʼtaʼ /ostjɛ̃ʔtaʔ/ | ohstyenʼ /ohstjʌ̃ʔ/ | uhskęʼręh /əhskə̃ʔrəh/ | ostyʌ́ʼtaʼ /ostjʌ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | *cʔaːŋ /cʔaːŋ/ | tlʼinh /tɬʼinh/ |
| Sang | tkwęhsæʼ /tkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | otkwęhsaʼ /otkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | onekwénhsaʼ /oneɡwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | tkwarhaʼ /tkwarhaʔ/ | onekwʌ́hsaʼ /onekwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | *mham /mham/ | lakkona /lakːona/ |
| Caca | oʼdaʼ /oʔdaʔ/ | — | óʼta /óʔta/ | — | o:tá: /oːtáː/ | *ʔicʔ /ʔicʔ/ | — |
| Amour | ganǫ́hkwahsraʼ /ɡanṍhkwahsraʔ/ | gaonihsdá:wę /ɡaonihsdáːwɛ̃/ | khenorónhkhwa /kʰenorṹhkʰwa/ | krunyę:tas /kɾuɲɛ̃ːtas/ | kanolukhwásla /kanolũkʰwásla/ | — /—/ | kʼoonejee /kʼooneʒeː/ |
| Arbre | gra̱he:t /ɡrḁheːt/ | ga:endaʼ /ɡaːendaʔ/ | ó:kwire /óːkʷire/ | nyęt /ɲɛ̃t/ | kalu:tóteʼ /kaluːtóteʔ/ | *ɟɕɨːʔ /ɟɕɨːʔ/ | kʼeyh /kʼejh/ |
| Chien | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | érhar /érhar/ | čerʼ /tʃeɾʔ/ | é:lhal /éːlhal/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ | łeek /ɬeːk/ |
| Chat | dagu:s /daɡuːs/ | takó:s /takóːs/ | takò:s /takòːs/ | takʼo:s /takʔoːs/ | takóhs /takóhs/ | — /—/ | dotonh /dotonh/ |
| Poisson | ojǫ́ʼdaʼ /odʒṍʔdaʔ/ | ojoʼt /odʒoʔt/ | kéntsion /kʌ̃́tsjũ/ | itsh /itʃ/ | kʌ́tsiʼ /kʌ̃́tsiʔ/ | *kaʔ /kaʔ/ | tookkʼa /toːkʼa/ |
| Oiseau | jidę́:ʼęh /dʒidɛ̃́ːʔɛ̃h/ | ga·yoʼáh /ɡaːjoʔáh/ | otsiʼtén:ʼa /otsiʔtʌ̃́ːʔa/ | — | otsiʼtʌ́haʼ /odʒiʔtʌ̃́haʔ/ | *ciːm /ciːm/ | — |
| Papillon | jiʼdana:wę: /dʒiʔdanaːwɛ̃ː/ | — | tsiʼktsinén:nawen /tsiʔktsinéːnawen/ | — | kana:wʌ́ /kanaːwʌ̃́/ | — | — |
| Œuf | oʼnhǫ́hsaʼ /oʔnhṍhsaʔ/ | oʼnhų́hsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhónhsa /oʔnhṹhsa/ | — | oʼnhúhsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | *ktam /ktam/ | — |
| Ours | hnyagwaiʼ /hɲaɡwaiʔ/ | — | ohkwá:ri /ohkwáːri/ | uhčíhręʼ /əhtʃihɾə̃ʔ/ | ohkwa:lí /ohkwaːlí/ | — | sis /sis/ |
| Maison | ganǫ́hsaʼ /ɡanṍhsaʔ/ | ganǫhsoht /ɡanõhsoht/ | kanónhsaʼ /kanṹhsaʔ/ | kanéhseʼę /kanehseʔɛ̃/ | kanúhsote /kanúhsote/ | *ɲaːʔ /ɲaːʔ/ | yah /jah/ |
| Lait | onǫ́ʼgwaʼ /onṍʔɡwaʔ/ | — | onòn:taʼ /onũ̀ːtaʔ/ | — | onú:taʼ /onṹːtaʔ/ | — | tlʼoo /tɬʼoː/ |
| Miel | otséhsdaʼ /otséhsdaʔ/ | — | — | — | óshes /óshes/ | — | — |
| Sel | ojikeʼdaʼ /odʒikeʔdaʔ/ | — | tyohyòtsis /tjohjòtsis/ | — | teyohyó:tsis /tejohjóːdʒis/ | *ɓɔːh /ɓɔːh/ | sol /sol/ |
| Fer | ga̱hnyǫ́ʼǫhsraʼ /ɡḁhɲṍʔõhsraʔ/ | — | karístatsi /karístatsi/ | — | — | — | — |
| Roue | węʼníhsga:ʼ /wẽʔníhsɡaːʔ/ | — | okakwenta /okakʷenta/ | ukaʼneh /ukaʔneh/ | — | — | — |
| Manger | í:ge:s /íːɡeːs/ | ekho:neʼ /ekʰoːneʔ/ | í:keks /íːɡeks/ | kré:nuʼ /kɾeːnuʔ/ | — /—/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ | kʼahonh /kʼahonh/ |
| Boire | ga̱hnége̱haʼ /ɡḁhnéɡḁhaʔ/ | ehnega:iʼron /ehneɡaːiʔron/ | kahnek /kahnek/ | kré:hwiʼ /kɾeːhwiʔ/ | — /—/ | *ɲuʔ /ɲuʔ/ | kʼisinoonh /kʼisinoːnh/ |
| Un | sgá:t /skáːt/ | sgá:da /skáːda/ | énska /ʌ̃́ska/ | ę:cæ /ɛ̃ːtsæ/ | úskah /ṹskah/ | *muːj /muːj/ | kʼeetakkʼee /kʼiːtakʼiː/ |
| Deux | dekní: /dekníː/ | dégni /déɡni/ | tékeni /téːɡeni/ | néʼkti /neʔkti/ | tékni /tékni/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ | niteekkʼee /nitiːkʼiː/ |
| Trois | ahsę́h /ahsɛ̃́h/ | áhsę /áhsɛ̃/ | áhsen /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsę /ahsɛ̃/ | áhsʌ /áhsʌ̃/ | *peʔ /peʔ/ | tokkʼee /tokʼiː/ |
| Quatre | géi /ɡéi/ | gayéi /ɡajéi/ | kaié:ri /ɡajéːɾi/ | hę́ʼtahk /hɛ̃ʔtahk/ | kayé /kajéː/ | *punʔ /punʔ/ | — |
| Cinq | hwíhs /hwíhs/ | hwíks /hwíks/ | wísk /wísk/ | wísk /wisk/ | wísk /wísk/ | *pɗam /pɗam/ | — |
| Cent | sgá:t dewę́ʼnyawe:ʼ /skáːt dewɛ̃́ʔɲaweːʔ/ | — | tewenʼniáwe /tewʌ̃ʔnjáwe/ | kayáhstih /kajahstih/ | tewʌhnyáwelu /tewʌ̃hnjáwelu/ | — | — |
| Bonjour | sgę́:nǫʼ /skɛ̃́ːnõʔ/ | sgë:nǫʼ /skẽːnõʔ/ | shé:kon /ʃéːkon/ | skę:nu /skɛ̃ːnu/ | she:kú /sheːkú/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Merci | nya:węh /ɲaːwɛ̃h/ | nya:węʼ /njaːwɛ̃ʔ/ | niá:wen /niáːwen/ | nyaʼwę: /ɲaʔwɛ̃ː/ | ya:wʌ́ /jaːwʌ̃́/ | — /—/ | baaseeʼ /baːseːʔ/ |
| Bon | oyá:nreʼ /ojáːnreʔ/ | oyá:nre /ojáːnre/ | ioiánere /jojánere/ | unę:tsweht /unɛ̃ːtsweht/ | skʌ:nʌ́ /skʌ̃ːnʌ̃́/ | — /—/ | nizoonh /nizoːnh/ |
| Nouveau | á:se:ʼ /áːseːʔ/ | — | á:se /áːse/ | — | — | *tmeːʔ /tmeːʔ/ | — |
| Rouge | otgwę́hji̱ʼa:ʼ /otɡwɛ̃́hdʒi̥ʔaːʔ/ | otkwę́ʼtaʼ /otkwɛ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | onekwènhtara /oneɡwʌ̃̀htara/ | utkwatar /utkwatar/ | onikwʌ́htalaʼ /onikwʌ̃́htalaʔ/ | *roːŋ /roːŋ/ | nełtseeyh /neɬtseːjh/ |
| Blanc | gę́ʼgę: /ɡɛ̃́ʔɡɛ̃ː/ | owę:héʼsdaʼ /owɛ̃ːhéʔstaʔ/ | karà:ken /kaɾàːken/ | — | owísklaʼ /owísklaʔ/ | *ɓɔːk /ɓɔːk/ | — |
| Noir | swę́ʼda̱ʼę:ʼ /swɛ̃́ʔdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | kahòn:tsi /kahũ̀ːtsi/ | — | oʼswʌ́:taʼ /oʔswʌ̃́ːtaʔ/ | *Cjoŋ /Cjoŋ/ | — |
| Vert | onráhda̱ʼę:ʼ /onráhdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | óhonteʼ /óhũteʔ/ | — | awʌ:lá: /awʌ̃ːláː/ | *kciʔ /kciʔ/ | — |
| Bleu | aǫ́hyaęʼ /aṍhjaɛ̃ʔ/ | — | orónhia /oɾṹhja/ | — | olú:yaʼ /olúːjaʔ/ | — | — |
| Thé | odi: /odiː/ | — | tí /ti/ | — | — | — | — |
| Café | ká:fih /káːfih/ | — | káwhe /káwhe/ | — | — | — | — |
| Sucre | nawę́ʼdaʼ /nawɛ̃́ʔdaʔ/ | — | otsikhè:ta /otsikʰèːta/ | — | onutákliʼ /onũtákliʔ/ | — | — |
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