Kanien'kéha
Mohawk
Iroquoien (septentrional)
Le mohawk (Kanien'kéha) est l'une des plus importantes langues iroquoiennes encore vivantes, originaire de la vallée de la Mohawk. Hautement polysynthétique, il possède un inventaire phonétique relativement réduit, d'environ 15 à 16 phonèmes, dont une dizaine de consonnes. Une revitalisation active est en cours à Akwesasne et à Kahnawake.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en mohawk
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : Iroquoien (septentrional)
| Sens | Mohawk | Oneida | Langue onondaga | Cayuga | Tuscarora | Maya yucatèque | Wolaytta |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | ohné:kanos /ohnéːɡanos/ | one:kánus /oneːkánũs/ | ohnéganos /ohnéɡanos/ | ohneganóhs /ohneɡanóhs/ | awę: /awɛ̃ː/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haatta /haːtːa/ |
| Feu | otsénhaʼ /odzʌ̃́haʔ/ | o:tsísteʼ /oːdʒísteʔ/ | odékhaʼ /odékʰaʔ/ | odé:kaʼ /odéːkaʔ/ | ujihst /udʒihst/ | kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ | tama /tama/ |
| Soleil | karáhkwa /karáhkwa/ | kalahkwaʼ /kalahkwaʔ/ | gaehʼkwa /ɡaehʔkwa/ | gá:gwa:ʼ /ɡáːɡwaːʔ/ | hęhts /hɛ̃hts/ | kʼiin /kʼiːn/ | awa /awa/ |
| Lune | ehníta /ehníːta/ | wʌhní:taleʼ /wʌ̃hníːtaleʔ/ | gaehʼkwa enitha /ɡaehʔkwa enitha/ | ęhníʼda:ʼ /ɛ̃hníʔdaːʔ/ | hęhts uri:węh /hɛ̃hts uɾiːwɛ̃h/ | uj /uh/ | aginaa /aɡinaː/ |
| Étoile | otsistohkwaʼ /otsistohkwaʔ/ | otsistóhkwaʼ /odʒistóhkwaʔ/ | otsistoʼgwaʼ /odʒistoʔɡwaʔ/ | ojihsǫ́:da:ʼ /odʒihsṍːdaːʔ/ | utsíhstaʼ /utsíhstaʔ/ | eekʼ /eːkʼ/ | xoolinttee /tʼoːlintːeː/ |
| Nuit | ahsútha /ahsṹtʰa/ | wahsutáti /wahsũtáti/ | ahsų́t /ahsṹt/ | ahsǫheh /ahsõheh/ | ahthathu /ahθaθu/ | áakʼabʼ /aːkʼaɓ/ | qamma /kʼamːa/ |
| Neige | óniehte /ónjehte/ | onyʌ́hteʼ /onjʌ̃́hteʔ/ | óʼgęʼ /óʔɡɛ̃ːʔ/ | oʼgraʼ /oʔɡraʔ/ | — | nieve /njebe/ | suuppa shachcha /suːpːa ʃatʃːa/ |
| Vent | óweraʼ /óweraʔ/ | owe:lá /oweːlá/ | ó·wæʼ /óːwæʔ/ | owá:deʼ /owáːdeʔ/ | — | iikʼ /iːkʼ/ | carkko /tsʼarkːo/ |
| Terre | ohóntsaʼ /ohṹtsaʔ/ | ohwʌ́tsyaʼ /ohwʌ̃́tsjaʔ/ | — | ohéhdaʼ /ohéhdaʔ/ | — | luʼum /luʔum/ | saʼaa /saʔaː/ |
| Pierre | onén:iaʼ /onʌ̃́ːjaʔ/ | onʌ:yá: /onʌ̃ːjáː/ | — | ga̱hsgwa:ʼ /ɡḁhskwaːʔ/ | — | tuunich /tuːˈnitʃ/ | shuchcha /ʃutʃːa/ |
| Montagne | onón:ta /onṹːta/ | otstʌhleʼkó /otstʌ̃hleʔkó/ | — | — | — | wiits /wiːts/ | deriya /derija/ |
| Mer | kanientaraʼkehkó:wa /kanjʌ̃taraʔkehkóːwa/ | kanyatalá:ke /kanjataláːke/ | — | — | — | kʼáaʼnáab /kʼaːʔnaːb/ | abbaa /abːaː/ |
| Mère | istá /istá/ | aknulha /aknũlha/ | ekno:haʼ /eknoːhaʔ/ | knó:haʼ /knóːhaʔ/ | raknų:hak /ɾaknũːhak/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | aayyiyo /aːjːijo/ |
| Père | rakeʼníha /rakeʔníha/ | — /—/ | hakʼno:haʼ /hakʔnoːhaʔ/ | haʼnih /haʔnih/ | rakhnih /ɾakhnih/ | taata /taːta/ | aawa /aːwa/ |
| Fille | kheién:ʼa /kʰejẽ́ːʔa/ | kheyʌ́:ha /kʰejʌ̃́ːha/ | khehá·wah /kʰeháːwah/ | kehá:wahk /keháːwahk/ | — | x aal /ʃaːl/ | naʼiyo /naʔijo/ |
| Je | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | teen /teːn/ | taani /taːni/ |
| Tu | í:seʼ /íːseʔ/ | isé /isé/ | is /is/ | i:s /iːs/ | í:saʼ /iːsaʔ/ | teech /teːtʃ/ | neeni /neːni/ |
| Nous | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | toʼon /toʔon/ | nuuni /nuːni/ |
| Nom | kahsén:na /kahsʌ̃́ːna/ | ohsʌ:ná: /ohsʌ̃ːnáː/ | yaʼts /jaʔts/ | ga̱hsę́:naʼ /ɡḁhsɛ̃́ːnaʔ/ | utshe:naʼ /utsʰeːnaʔ/ | kʼaabaʼ /kʼaːɓaʔ/ | sunttaa /suntːaː/ |
| Personne | ón:kwe /ṹːɡwe/ | ukwé /ũkwé/ | ų́·gweh /ṹːɡweh/ | ǫ́:gweh /ṍːɡweh/ | — | máak /maːk/ | asaa /asaː/ |
| Tête | onón:tsi /onṹːtsi/ | — | — | onǫ́ʼa:ʼ /onṍʔaːʔ/ | — | pool /poːl/ | huuphiya /huːpʼija/ |
| Œil | okà:raʼ /okàːraʔ/ | oká:laʼ /okáːlaʔ/ | oga:thaʼ /oɡaːtʰaʔ/ | ogáhaʼ /oɡáhaʔ/ | ka:tæk /kaːtæk/ | ich /itʃ/ | ayfee /ajfeː/ |
| Oreille | ohónhtaʼ /ohṹhtaʔ/ | ohúhtaʼ /ohṹhtaʔ/ | ohų́hdaʼ /ohṹhdaʔ/ | — | — | xikin /ʃikin/ | hayttaa /hajtːaː/ |
| Nez | oʼniónhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnyúhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | — | oʼnyǫ́hsaʼ /oʔɲṍhsaʔ/ | — | niʼ /niʔ/ | siiriya /siːrija/ |
| Dent | onáwiraʼ /onáwiraʔ/ | onawi:lá: /onawiːláː/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | uʼtuʼth /əʔtuʔθ/ | koh /koh/ | achcha /atʃːa/ |
| Langue | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnã́hsaʔ/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnáhsaʔ/ | oʼnahsaʼ /oʔnahsaʔ/ | awę́ʼno̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́ʔno̥hsaʔ/ | uʼtahs /əʔtahs/ | aakʼ /aːkʼ/ | inxxarssa /intʼarsːa/ |
| Main | ohtsà:na /ohtsaːna/ | osnúhsaʼ /osnṹhsaʔ/ | onénǫhsaʼ /onénõhsaʔ/ | ohsóhdaʼ /ohsóhdaʔ/ | kéhskweh /kehskweh/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kushiyaa /kuʃijaː/ |
| Pied | ohsì:taʼ /ohsìːtaʔ/ | ohsí:taʼ /ohsíːtaʔ/ | ohsiʼtaʼ /ohsiʔtaʔ/ | ohsiʼdaʼ /ohsiʔdaʔ/ | káhseh /kahseh/ | ook /oːk/ | tohuwa /tohuwa/ |
| Cœur | awerì:ʼa /aweɾìːʔa/ | awelyá:ne /aweljáːne/ | awé:ri /awéːri/ | awę́yǫ̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́jõ̥hsaʔ/ | kęhsaʼ /kɛ̃hsaʔ/ | puksiʼikʼal /puksiʔikʼal/ | wozanaa /wozanaː/ |
| Os | ohstyenʼ /ohstjʌ̃ʔ/ | ostyʌ́ʼtaʼ /ostjʌ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | ostyęʼtaʼ /ostjɛ̃ʔtaʔ/ | ohsgyę́ʼda:ʼ /ohskjɛ̃́ʔdaːʔ/ | uhskęʼręh /əhskə̃ʔrəh/ | bʼaak /ɓaːk/ | meqetta /mekʼetːa/ |
| Sang | onekwénhsaʼ /oneɡwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | onekwʌ́hsaʼ /onekwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | otkwęhsaʼ /otkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | tkwęhsæʼ /tkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | tkwarhaʼ /tkwarhaʔ/ | kʼiʼikʼ /kʼiʔikʼ/ | suutta /suːtːa/ |
| Caca | óʼta /óʔta/ | o:tá: /oːtáː/ | — | oʼdaʼ /oʔdaʔ/ | — | taʼ /taʔ/ | shiyaa /ʃijaː/ |
| Amour | khenorónhkhwa /kʰenorṹhkʰwa/ | kanolukhwásla /kanolũkʰwásla/ | gaonihsdá:wę /ɡaonihsdáːwɛ̃/ | ganǫ́hkwahsraʼ /ɡanṍhkwahsraʔ/ | krunyę:tas /kɾuɲɛ̃ːtas/ | yaakuntej /jaːkunteh/ | siiqaa /siːqaː/ |
| Arbre | ó:kwire /óːkʷire/ | kalu:tóteʼ /kalũːtóteʔ/ | ga:endaʼ /ɡaːendaʔ/ | gra̱he:t /ɡrḁheːt/ | nyęt /ɲɛ̃t/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | mittaa /mitːaː/ |
| Chien | érhar /érhar/ | é:lhal /éːlhal/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | čerʼ /tʃeɾʔ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | kanaa /kanaː/ |
| Chat | takò:s /takòːs/ | takóhs /takóhs/ | takó:s /takóːs/ | dagu:s /daɡuːs/ | takʼo:s /takʔoːs/ | miis /miːs/ | gaaduwaa /ɡaːduwaː/ |
| Poisson | kéntsion /kʌ̃́tsjũ/ | kʌ́tsiʼ /kʌ̃́tsiʔ/ | ojoʼt /odʒoʔt/ | ojǫ́ʼdaʼ /odʒṍʔdaʔ/ | itsh /itʃ/ | kay /kaj/ | moliya /molija/ |
| Oiseau | otsiʼtén:ʼa /otsiʔtʌ̃́ːʔa/ | otsiʼtʌ́haʼ /odʒiʔtʌ̃́haʔ/ | ga·yoʼáh /ɡaːjoʔáh/ | jidę́:ʼęh /dʒidɛ̃́ːʔɛ̃h/ | — | chʼíichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | kafo /kafo/ |
| Papillon | tsiʼktsinén:nawen /tsiʔktsinéːnawen/ | kana:wʌ́ /kanaːwʌ̃́/ | — | jiʼdana:wę: /dʒiʔdanaːwɛ̃ː/ | — | péepen /peːpen/ | muqo /mukʼo/ |
| Œuf | oʼnhónhsa /oʔnhṹhsa/ | oʼnhúhsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhų́hsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhǫ́hsaʼ /oʔnhṍhsaʔ/ | — | jeʼ /heʔ/ | phuuphulliya /pʼuːpʼulːija/ |
| Ours | ohkwá:ri /ohkwáːri/ | ohkwa:lí /ohkwaːlí/ | — | hnyagwaiʼ /hɲaɡwaiʔ/ | uhčíhręʼ /əhtʃihɾə̃ʔ/ | oso /oso/ | beere /beːre/ |
| Cheval | akohsá:tens /akohsáːtʌ̃s/ | kohsa:tʌ́s /kohsaːtʌ̃́s/ | gohsádę·s /ɡohsádɛ̃ːs/ | — | — | tsíimin /tsiːmin/ | paraa /paraː/ |
| Maison | kanónhsaʼ /kanṹhsaʔ/ | kanúhsote /kanṹhsote/ | ganǫhsoht /ɡanõhsoht/ | ganǫ́hsaʼ /ɡanṍhsaʔ/ | kanéhseʼę /kanehseʔɛ̃/ | naj /nah/ | keettaa /keːtːaː/ |
| Lait | onòn:taʼ /onũ̀ːtaʔ/ | onú:taʼ /onṹːtaʔ/ | — | onǫ́ʼgwaʼ /onṍʔɡwaʔ/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | maatta /maːtːa/ |
| Sel | tyohyòtsis /tjohjòtsis/ | teyohyó:tsis /tejohjóːdʒis/ | — | ojíkeʼdaʼ /odʒíkeʔdaʔ/ | — | taʼab /taʔaɓ/ | maxiniyaa /matʼinijaː/ |
| Vin | otsítsia /otsítsja/ | — | — | — | — | vino /bino/ | woine eessa /woine eːsːa/ |
| Riz | onatsakén:ra /onatsakʌ̃́ːra/ | watnʌʼʌ́:kwas /watnʌ̃ʔʌ̃́ːkwas/ | — | — | — | arroz /aros/ | ruuziya /ruːzija/ |
| Chocolat | thiákeret /tʰjáːɡeɾet/ | — | — | — | — | chukwaʼ /tʃukwaʔ/ | — |
| Fer | karístatsi /karístatsi/ | — | — | ga̱hnyǫ́ʼǫhsraʼ /ɡḁhɲṍʔõhsraʔ/ | — | máaskab /maːskab/ | birataa /birataː/ |
| Roue | okakwenta /okakʷenta/ | — | — | węʼníhsga:ʼ /wɛ̃ʔníhsɡaːʔ/ | ukaʼneh /ukaʔneh/ | rueda /rweda/ | irzzuwaa /irzːuwaː/ |
| Soie | kà:nheks /kàːnheks/ | kaʼnhehsatʌ́sha /kaʔnhehsatʌ̃́sha/ | — | — | — | seda /seda/ | — |
| Livre | kahiatónhsera /kahjatṹhsera/ | kahyatúhsliʼ /kahjatṹhsliʔ/ | — | — | — | juʼun /huʔun/ | maxaafaa /matʼaːfaː/ |
| Manger | í:keks /íːɡeks/ | — /—/ | ekho:neʼ /ekʰoːneʔ/ | í:ge:s /íːɡeːs/ | kré:nuʼ /kɾeːnuʔ/ | jaant /haːnt/ | miya /miːja/ |
| Boire | kahnek /kahnek/ | — /—/ | ehnega:iʼron /ehneɡaːiʔron/ | ga̱hnége̱haʼ /ɡḁhnéɡḁhaʔ/ | kré:hwiʼ /kɾeːhwiʔ/ | ukʼul /ukʼul/ | uyiya /ujija/ |
| Dormir | wakí:taʼs /wakíːtaʔs/ | — | — | — | — | wenel /wenel/ | xiskkiya /tʼiskːija/ |
| Un | énska /ʌ̃́ska/ | úskah /ṹskah/ | sgá:da /skáːda/ | sgá:t /skáːt/ | ę:cæ /ɛ̃ːtsæ/ | jun /hun/ | issuwa /isːuwa/ |
| Deux | tékeni /téːɡeni/ | tékni /tékni/ | dégni /déɡni/ | dekní: /dekníː/ | néʼkti /neʔkti/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | naaʼʼa /naːʔːa/ |
| Trois | áhsen /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsʌ /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsę /áhsɛ̃/ | ahsę́h /ahsɛ̃́h/ | áhsę /ahsɛ̃/ | óox /ʔoːʃ/ | heezza /heːzːa/ |
| Quatre | kaié:ri /ɡajéːɾi/ | kayé: /kajéː/ | gayéi /ɡajéi/ | géi /ɡéi/ | hę́ʼtahk /hɛ̃ʔtahk/ | kan /kan/ | oydda /ʔoidːa/ |
| Cinq | wísk /wísk/ | wísk /wísk/ | hwíks /hwíks/ | hwíhs /hwíhs/ | wísk /wisk/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | ichchasha /itʃːaʃa/ |
| Cent | tewenʼniáwe /tewʌ̃ʔnjáwe/ | tewʌhnyáwelu /tewʌ̃hnjáwelũ/ | — | sgá:t dewę́ʼnyawe:ʼ /skáːt dewɛ̃́ʔɲaweːʔ/ | kayáhstih /kajahstih/ | joʼokʼáal /hoʔokʼaːl/ | xeeta /tʼeːta/ |
| Bonjour | shé:kon /ʃéːkon/ | she:kú /sheːkṹ/ | sgë:nǫʼ /skẽːnõʔ/ | sgę́:nǫʼ /skɛ̃́ːnõʔ/ | skę:nu /skɛ̃ːnu/ | baʼax ka waʼalik /baʔaʃ ka waʔalik/ | saro /saro/ |
| Merci | niá:wen /niáːwen/ | ya:wʌ́ /jaːwʌ̃́/ | nya:węʼ /njaːwɛ̃ʔ/ | nya:węh /ɲaːwɛ̃h/ | nyaʼwę: /ɲaʔwɛ̃ː/ | dios boʼotik /dios boʔotik/ | galatay /ɡalataj/ |
| Bon | ioiánere /jojánere/ | skʌ:nʌ́ /skʌ̃ːnʌ̃́/ | oyá:nre /ojáːnre/ | oyá:nreʼ /ojáːnreʔ/ | unę:tsweht /unɛ̃ːtsweht/ | maʼalob /maʔalob/ | loʼo /loʔo/ |
| Nouveau | á:se /áːse/ | — | — | á:se:ʼ /áːseːʔ/ | — | túumben /tuːmben/ | ooratta /oːratːa/ |
| Rouge | onekwènhtara /oneɡwʌ̃̀htara/ | onikwʌ́htalaʼ /onikwʌ̃́htalaʔ/ | otkwę́ʼtaʼ /otkwɛ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | otgwę́hji̱ʼa:ʼ /otɡwɛ̃́hdʒi̥ʔaːʔ/ | utkwatar /utkwatar/ | chak /tʃak/ | zoʼo /zoʔo/ |
| Blanc | karà:ken /kaɾàːken/ | owísklaʼ /owísklaʔ/ | owę:héʼsdaʼ /owɛ̃ːhéʔstaʔ/ | gę́ʼgę: /ɡɛ̃́ʔɡɛ̃ː/ | — | sak /sak/ | bootta /boːtːa/ |
| Noir | kahòn:tsi /kahũ̀ːtsi/ | oʼswʌ́:taʼ /oʔswʌ̃́ːtaʔ/ | — | swę́ʼda̱ʼę:ʼ /swɛ̃́ʔdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | box /boʃ/ | karetta /karetːa/ |
| Vert | óhonteʼ /óhũteʔ/ | awʌ:lá: /awʌ̃ːláː/ | — | onráhda̱ʼę:ʼ /onráhdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | — |
| Bleu | orónhia /oɾṹhja/ | olú:yaʼ /olṹːjaʔ/ | — | aǫ́hyaęʼ /aṍhjaɛ̃ʔ/ | — | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | — |
| Thé | tí /ti/ | — | — | odi: /odiː/ | — | té /te/ | shayiya /ʃajija/ |
| Café | káwhe /káwhe/ | — | — | ká:fih /káːfih/ | — | café /kafe/ | tukkiya /tukːija/ |
| Sucre | otsikhè:ta /otsikʰèːta/ | onutákliʼ /onũtákliʔ/ | — | nawę́ʼdaʼ /nawɛ̃́ʔdaʔ/ | — | asukaar /asukaːr/ | — |
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