Djambarrpuyŋu
Djambarrpuyngu
pama-nyungan (Yolŋu, Dhuwal)
Le djambarrpuyŋu est une variété du yolŋu matha appartenant au groupe dhuwal, parlée dans le nord-est de la Terre d'Arnhem, dans le Territoire du Nord australien, et centrée sur Galiwin'ku (île Elcho). C'est la langue aborigène la plus parlée de la région et elle sert de lingua franca entre les clans yolŋu, ce qui explique que le recensement de 2021 ait compté environ 3 800 locuteurs — plus que pour presque toute autre langue australienne traditionnelle. Grammaticalement elle est pama-nyungane : fortement casuelle, avec un ordre des mots très libre et un système pronominal distinguant singulier, duel et pluriel ainsi qu'un « nous » inclusif et un « nous » exclusif. Son lexique porte une couche caractéristique d'emprunts macassans issus de siècles de commerce du trépang avec Sulawesi — walu « soleil, jour » est rattaché au makassar allo. Fait inhabituel pour une langue australienne, elle est encore acquise par les enfants comme langue première, et elle dispose d'un Nouveau Testament complet (2008) ainsi que d'un grand dictionnaire et d'une grammaire de référence.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en djambarrpuyngu
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : pama-nyungan (Yolŋu, Dhuwal)
| Sens | Djambarrpuyngu | Ngunnawal | Warnman | Warlpiri | Guugu yimithirr | Walmajarri | Martu wangka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | gapu /ɡapu/ | kungal /kuŋal/ | kalyu /kaʎu/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ | buurraay /buːraːj/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Feu | gurtha /ɡuɻt̪a/ | warba /waɻba/ | nguja /ŋuɟa/ | warlu /waɭu/ | yugu /juɡu/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | waru /waɻu/ |
| Soleil | walu /walu/ | winyu /wiɲu/ | karrpu /karpu/ | wanta /wanta/ | ngalan /ŋalan/ | purangu /puɻaŋu/ | jirntu /ciɳʈu/ |
| Lune | ŋaḻindi /ŋaɭindi/ | birrang /biɻaŋ/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ | giidha /ɡiːd̪a/ | yakarn /jakaɳ/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ |
| Étoile | ganyu /ɡaɲu/ | dyurra /ɟura/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ | dawaar /dawaːɻ/ | wirl /wiɭ/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ |
| Nuit | gämuk /ɡaːmuk/ | kaku /kaku/ | payin /pajin/ | munga /muŋa/ | wudhurr /wud̪ur/ | pukanya /pukaɲa/ | munga /muŋa/ |
| Pluie | waltjaṉ /walcaɳ/ | garrit /ɡaɻit/ | kuluwa /kuluwa/ | minyira /miɲiɻa/ | madyi /maɟi/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | — |
| Vent | wäŋi /waːŋi/ | — | karlalarra /kaɭalara/ | warlpa /waɭpa/ | daan.gaay /daːnɡaːj/ | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ | walypa /waʎpa/ |
| Terre | munathaʼ /munat̪aʔ/ | dhaura /d̪auɻa/ | langa /laŋa/ | walya /walja/ | bubu /bubu/ | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ | manta /manta/ |
| Pierre | guṉḏa /ɡuɳɖa/ | wullung /wuluŋ/ | purli /puɭi/ | pirli /piɭi/ | nambal /nambal/ | pamarr /ˈpamar/ | yapu /japu/ |
| Montagne | buku /buku/ | — | — | pamarrpa /pamaɾpa/ | manydyal /maɲɟal/ | — | — |
| Mer | gapu moṉuk /ɡapu moɳuk/ | — | — | mangkuru /maŋkuɻu/ | dhalun /d̪alun/ | jawurlata /ˈɟawuɭata/ | kujungurru /kucuŋuru/ |
| Mère | ŋäṉḏi /ŋaːɳɖi/ | guni /ɡuni/ | pipirnpa /pipiɳpa/ | ngati /ŋati/ | ngamu /ŋamu/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | yipi /jipi/ |
| Père | bäpa /baːpa/ | pumba /pumba/ | mamarnpa /mamaɳpa/ | kirda /kiɖa/ | biiba /biːba/ | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ | mama /mama/ |
| Fille | gäthu /ɡaːt̪u/ | — | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | ngudhurr /ŋud̪ur/ | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ |
| Je | ŋarra /ŋara/ | ngaya /ŋaja/ | parra /para/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ |
| Tu | nhe /n̪e/ | ngindu /ŋindu/ | parrangku /paraŋku/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyundu /ɲundu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Nous | limurr / ŋanapurr /limur / ŋanapur/ | gulanyin / gulanyilla /ɡulaɲin / ɡulaɲila/ | parrawarta /parawaʈa/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ | nganhdhaan / nganhdhanun /ŋan̪d̪aːn / ŋan̪d̪anun/ | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ | — /—/ |
| Nom | yäku /jaːku/ | yini /jini/ | lirrka /lirka/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ | gadil /ɡadil/ | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ |
| Personne | yolŋu /jolŋu/ | wurrunbill /wuɻunbil/ | kirta /kiʈa/ | yapa /japa/ | bama /bama/ | piyirn /ˈpijiɳ/ | martu /maʈu/ |
| Tête | ḻiya /ɭija/ | guddagong /ɡuddaɡoŋ/ | kata /kata/ | jurru /ɟuru/ | ngaabaay /ŋaːbaːj/ | jurlu /ˈɟuɭu/ | kata /kata/ |
| Œil | mel /mel/ | mil /mil/ | panaya /panaja/ | milpa /milpa/ | miil /miːl/ | mil /mil/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Oreille | mäkiriʼ /maːkiɻiʔ/ | guri /ɡuɻi/ | kurlka /kuɭka/ | langa /laŋa/ | milga /milɡa/ | pina /ˈpina/ | pina /pina/ |
| Nez | ŋurru /ŋuru/ | nyigity /ɲiɡiɟ/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulyu /muʎu/ | budhiil /bud̪iːl/ | punul /ˈpunul/ | mulya /muʎa/ |
| Bouche | dhä /d̪aː/ | dhambir /d̪ambiɻ/ | jawa /ɟawa/ | lirra /liɾa/ | barrgaar /barɡaːɻ/ | — | jaa /caː/ |
| Dent | ḻirra /ɭira/ | weera /weːra/ | yirra /jira/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ | muliir /muliːɻ/ | lirra /lira/ | yirra /jira/ |
| Langue | matha /mat̪a/ | dalang /dalaŋ/ | nyanyjarla /ɲaɲɟaɭa/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ | nganhdhaar /ŋan̪d̪aːɻ/ | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ | jarlinypa /caɭiɲpa/ |
| Main | goŋ /ɡoŋ/ | mara /maɻa/ | mapirrpa /mapirpa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ | mangal /maŋal/ | kurrapa /kurapa/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Pied | ḻuku /ɭuku/ | dyinang /ɟinaŋ/ | jina /ɟina/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ | dhamal /d̪amal/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | jina /cina/ |
| Cœur | ḏoṯurrk /ɖoʈurk/ | gauar /ɡauar/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ | dadhali /dad̪ali/ | turlpu /ˈtuɭpu/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ |
| Os | ŋaraka /ŋaɻaka/ | wiak /wiak/ | yika /jika/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ | badhibay /bad̪ibaj/ | kiji /kiɟi/ | tarrka /tarka/ |
| Sang | gulaŋ /ɡulaŋ/ | guruba /ɡuruba/ | miji /miɟi/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ | ganbi /ɡanbi/ | nungu /nuŋu/ | miji /miɟi/ |
| Caca | guḻaʼ /ɡuɭaʔ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | murla /muɭa/ | kuna /kuna/ | mangga /maŋɡa/ | kura /ˈkuɻa/ | — |
| Amour | djäl /ɟaːl/ | marmit /maɻmit/ | — /—/ | yulkami /julkami/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mukulyu /mukuʎu/ |
| Arbre | dharpa /d̪aɻpa/ | warabi /waɻabi/ | mungka /muŋka/ | watiya /watija/ | yugu /juɡu/ | mana /mana/ | warta /waʈa/ |
| Chien | wuŋgan /wuŋɡan/ | mirri /miɻi/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | gudaa /ɡudaː/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | papa /papa/ |
| Chat | butjikit /bucikit/ | poosi /puːsi/ | pujikatu /puɟikatu/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ | buthigan /but̪iɡan/ | miyawu /mijawu/ | — /—/ |
| Poisson | guya /ɡuja/ | kuya /kuja/ | kapi /kapi/ | yawu /jawu/ | guudyu /ɡuːɟu/ | kapi /kapi/ | yurta /juʈa/ |
| Papillon | boṉba /boɳba/ | — | wirripintapinta /wiripintapinta/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | walbuulbul /walbuːlbul/ | pirrpirntipirnti /pirpiɳʈipiɳʈi/ | — |
| Œuf | mapuʼ /mapuʔ/ | gubbong /ɡubboŋ/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ | ngipiri /ŋipiɻi/ | gundil /ɡundil/ | kampiny /kampiɲ/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ |
| Cheval | yarramanʼ /jaramanʔ/ | — | — | nantuwu /nantuwu/ | yarraman /jaraman/ | timana /ˈtimana/ | yawarta /jawaʈa/ |
| Maison | buṉbu /buɳbu/ | kuni /kuni/ | maya /maja/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ | bayan /bajan/ | mayaru /majaɻu/ | ngurra /ŋura/ |
| Lait | ŋamunʼkurr /ŋamunʔkur/ | — | — | lampurnu /lampuɳu/ | guyuu /ɡujuː/ | — | ngama /ŋama/ |
| Miel | guku /ɡuku/ | kawangkal /kawaŋkal/ | — | ngarlu /ŋaɭu/ | mula /mula/ | karlaka /ˈkaɭaka/ | karluwari /kaɭuwaɻi/ |
| Sel | djeʼla /ɟeʔla/ | — | — | jarlti /ɟaɭti/ | — | — | juulu /cuːlu/ |
| Vin | borum wiyikaʼ /boɻum wijikaʔ/ | — | — | pama /pama/ | — | wayin /ˈwajin/ | wama /wama/ |
| Fer | balaʼ /balaʔ/ | — | — | yayini /jajini/ | — | — | yayinpa /jajinpa/ |
| Roue | ḻuku /ɭuku/ | — | wiilpa /wiːlpa/ | wirli /wiɭi/ | — | — | taaya /taːja/ |
| Livre | djorraʼ /ɟoraʔ/ | — | — | pipa /pipa/ | — | — | mirlimirli /miɭimiɭi/ |
| Manger | ḻuka /ɭuka/ | daring /daɻiŋ/ | nyarrarni /ɲaraɳi/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ | budal /budal/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | ngalku- /ŋalku/ |
| Boire | ḻuka /ɭuka/ | nyu /ɲu/ | jikila /ɟikila/ | purrami /puɾami/ | dyidyal /ɟiɟal/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | jikirnu /cikiɳu/ |
| Dormir | ŋorra /ŋora/ | ngambori /ŋamboɻi/ | kunyalajuwa /kuɲalaɟuwa/ | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ | waarrnggu /waːrŋɡu/ | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ | kunyalarri- /kuɲalari/ |
| Un | waŋgany /waŋɡaɲ/ | meddhung /med̪uŋ/ | kumpinyu /kumpiɲu/ | jinta /ɟinta/ | nubuun /nubuːn/ | layi /laji/ | kuju /kucu/ |
| Deux | märrmaʼ /maːrmaʔ/ | bula /bula/ | kujarra /kuɟara/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ | gudhiirra /ɡud̪iːra/ | kurriny /kuriɲ/ | kujarra /kucara/ |
| Trois | ḻurrkunʼ /ɭurkunʔ/ | bula mittong /bula mitoŋ/ | kujarrakumpinyu /kuɟarakumpiɲu/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ | guunduu /ɡuːnduː/ | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ | yurri /juri/ |
| Quatre | ḏämbumiriw /ɖaːmbumiɻiw/ | — | kujarrakujarra /kuɟarakuɟara/ | jirrama-kari-jirrama-kari /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟiɾamakaɾi/ | — | — | puu /puː/ |
| Cinq | goŋ-waŋgany /ɡoŋwaŋɡaɲ/ | — | — | rdaka-pala /ɖakapala/ | gaguwarr /ɡaɡuwar/ | — | payip /pajip/ |
| Bonjour | Nhämirri nhe? /n̪aːmiri n̪e/ | yumalundi /jumalundi/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Merci | — /—/ | miyamala /mijamala/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bon | manymak /maɲmak/ | walunga /waluŋa/ | ngalypa /ŋaʎpa/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ | dabaar /dabaːɻ/ | wulyu /wuʎu/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Nouveau | yuṯa /juʈa/ | — | — | jalangu-warnu /ɟalaŋuwaɳu/ | nhilaa /n̪ilaː/ | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ | jalykarra /caʎkara/ |
| Rouge | mikuʼ /mikuʔ/ | dhiram-dhiram /d̪iɾamd̪iɾam/ | martarr /maʈar/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ | diini /diːni/ | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ | miji-miji /miɟimiɟi/ |
| Blanc | watharr /wat̪ar/ | daguru-gurag /daɡuɾuɡuɾaɡ/ | mirtamirta /miʈamiʈa/ | kardirri /kaɖiɾi/ | dyinggaa /ɟiŋɡaː/ | parpjarti /ˈpaɻpɟaɻti/ | ngintarlpa /ŋintaɭpa/ |
| Noir | gurrŋanʼ /ɡurŋanʔ/ | buru-bura /buɻubuɻa/ | warrukurla /warukuɭa/ | kirdily /kiɖiʎ/ | munhi /mun̪i/ | kurnkurn /kuɳkuɳ/ | — |
| Vert | menydjuṉ /meɲɟuɳ/ | — | — | yukuri-yukuri /jukuɻijukuɻi/ | — | — | yukuri-yukuri /jukuɻijukuɻi/ |
| Bleu | menydjuṉ /meɲɟuɳ/ | — | — | yukuri-yukuri /jukuɻijukuɻi/ | — | — | maru-maru /maɻumaɻu/ |
| Thé | dhilip /d̪ilip/ | — | — | — | buurr /buːr/ | — | — |
| Café | gopi /ɡopi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sucre | djokaʼ /ɟokaʔ/ | — | — | juka /ɟuka/ | — | walyarra /ˈwaʎara/ | — |
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