Enga
trans-Nouvelle-Guinée (Engan)
L’enga est la plus grande langue des hautes terres de Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée et la plus grande langue papoue (non austronésienne). Principale langue de la province d’Enga, elle illustre la diversité linguistique de la Nouvelle-Guinée, l’une des régions les plus diversifiées du monde.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en enga
Sources
- Lang, Adrianne. 1973. Enga Dictionary with English Index (Pacific Linguistics C-20, ANU; OCR text cached ~/langmap-work/r58/scratch/4/pl/lang.txt); Enga New Testament (eBible enq2); TransNewGuinea.org Enga lexicon (Greenhill, via the round-58 extract); ABVD Enga
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : trans-Nouvelle-Guinée (Engan)
| Sens | Enga | Huli | Fidjien | Tongien | Samoan | Lozi | Yagaria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | endaki /endaki/ | iba /iba/ | wai /wai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | mezi /mezi/ | nina /nina/ |
| Feu | ita /ita/ | ira hungu /iɾa huŋɡu/ | buka /mbuka/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | hali /hali/ |
| Soleil | niki /niki/ | ni /ni/ | matanisiga /matanisiŋa/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ | lā /laː/ | lizazi /lizazi/ | yege /jeɡe/ |
| Lune | kana /kana/ | ege /eɡe/ | vula /βula/ | māhina /maːhina/ | māsina /maːsina/ | kweli /kweli/ | gei /ɡei/ |
| Étoile | bui /bui/ | yapibiya /japibija/ | kalokalo /kalokalo/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | fetū /fetuː/ | naleli /naleli/ | ganevi /ɡanevi/ |
| Nuit | kuka /kuka/ | biraga /biɾaɡa/ | bogi /mboŋi/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | busihu /busihu/ | hanena /hanena/ |
| Pluie | apu /apu/ | ta /ta/ | uca /uða/ | ʻuha /ʔuha/ | ua /ua/ | pula /ˈpula/ | gona /ɡona/ |
| Vent | poo /poː/ | puyabu /pujabu/ | cagi /ðaŋi/ | matangi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | moya /moja/ | yasi /jasi/ |
| Terre | yuu /juː/ | dindi /dindi/ | qele /ᵑɡele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | ʻeleʻele /ʔeleʔele/ | mubu /mubu/ | igopa /iɡopa/ |
| Pierre | kana /kana/ | ege to̱le̱ /eɡe tɔlɛ/ | vatu /vatu/ | maka /maka/ | maʻa /maʔa/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ | yavana /javana/ |
| Montagne | yuu manda /juː manda/ | hari /hari/ | ulunivanua /uluniβanua/ | moʻunga /moʔuŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | lilundu /lilundu/ | ae /ae/ |
| Mer | solowata /solowata/ | iba solowara /iba solowara/ | wasawasa /wasawasa/ | tahi /tahi/ | sami /sami/ | liwate /liwate/ | hage nina /haɡe nina/ |
| Mère | endangi /endaŋɡi/ | ai̱ya /aĩja/ | tina /tina/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ | tinā /tinaː/ | ma /ma/ | nene /nene/ |
| Père | takange /takaŋɡe/ | aba /aba/ | tama /tama/ | tamai /tamai/ | tamā /tamaː/ | ndate /ndate/ | avoʼa /avoʔa/ |
| Fille | wanenge /waneŋɡe/ | wane /wane/ | luve yalewa /luβe jalewa/ | ʻofefine /ʔofefine/ | afafine /afafine/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ | abade /abade/ |
| Je | namba /namba/ | i /i/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | aʻu /aʔu/ | na /na/ | dagaea /daɡaea/ |
| Tu | emba /emba/ | í /í/ | iko /iko/ | koe /koe/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ | wena /wena/ | gagaea /ɡaɡaea/ |
| Nous | naima /naima/ | ina /ina/ | keda / keimami /kenda / kejmami/ | kitautolu / kimautolu /kitautolu / kimautolu/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | luna /luna/ | lagaea /laɡaea/ |
| Nom | kenge /keŋɡe/ | mini /mini/ | yaca /jaða/ | hingoa /hiŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | libizo /libizo/ | agi /aɡi/ |
| Personne | endakali /endakali/ | — | tamata /tamata/ | tangata /taŋata/ | tagata /taŋata/ | mutu /mutu/ | — |
| Tête | ayamba /ajamba/ | haguane /haɡuane/ | ulu /ulu/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | toho /toho/ | anuna /anuna/ |
| Œil | lenge /leŋɡe/ | de /de/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | liito /liːto/ | oulega /ouleɡa/ |
| Oreille | kale /kale/ | hale /hale/ | daliga /ndaliŋa/ | telinga /teliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | zebe /zebe/ | ageta /aɡeta/ |
| Nez | lyaa /ʎaː/ | gui /ɡui/ | ucu /uðu/ | ihu /ihu/ | isu /isu/ | ngo /ŋo/ | agota /aɡota/ |
| Bouche | kambu /kambu/ | ne hariga /ne haɾiɡa/ | gusu /ŋusu/ | ngutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | haeyapa /haejapa/ |
| Dent | nenge /neŋɡe/ | ne /ne/ | bati /mbati/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | liino /liːno/ | haemota /haemota/ |
| Langue | keke /keke/ | hege /heɡe/ | yame /jame/ | ʻelelo /ʔelelo/ | laulaufaiva /laulaufaiva/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | nevoda /nevoda/ |
| Main | kingi /kiŋɡi/ | ki /ki/ | liga /liŋa/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | lizoho /lizoho/ | anita /anita/ |
| Pied | moko /moko/ | ge /ɡe/ | yava /java/ | vaʻe /vaʔe/ | vae /vae/ | lihutu /liˈhutu/ | iya /ija/ |
| Cœur | mona /mona/ | gubalini /ɡubalini/ | uto /uto/ | loto /loto/ | loto /loto/ | pilu /pilu/ | alutumopa /alutumopa/ |
| Os | kuli /kuli/ | kuni /kuni/ | sui /sui/ | hui /hui/ | ivi /ivi/ | sapo /sapo/ | apova /apova/ |
| Sang | taiyoko /taijoko/ | darama /daɾama/ | dra /ndra/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | mali /mali/ | golana /ɡolana/ |
| Amour | auu kaenge /auː kaeŋɡe/ | hando /hando/ | loloma /loloma/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | lilato /lilato/ | amige /amiɡe/ |
| Arbre | ita /ita/ | ira /iɾa/ | kau /kau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ | laʻau /laʔau/ | kota /kota/ | yava /java/ |
| Chien | yana /jana/ | yamu /jamu/ | koli /koli/ | kulī /kuliː/ | maile /maile/ | nja /ndʒa/ | gala /ɡala/ |
| Chat | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | kaze /kaze/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Poisson | amane /amane/ | wena /wena/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | iʻa /iʔa/ | tapi /tapi/ | fayana /fajana/ |
| Oiseau | yaka /jaka/ | ega /eɡa/ | manumanu /manumanu/ | manupuna /manupuna/ | manu /manu/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ | nama /nama/ |
| Œuf | tuku /tuku/ | haba /haba/ | yaloka /jaloka/ | foʻi moa /foʔi moa/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | lii /liː/ | amuna /amuna/ |
| Ours | bea /bea/ | bea /bea/ | bea /mbea/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | bele /bele/ | — |
| Cheval | osa /osa/ | nogo hosi /noɡo hosi/ | ose /ose/ | hoosi /hoːsi/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | pizi /pizi/ | silumata /silumata/ |
| Maison | anda /anda/ | anda /anda/ | vale /βale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | ndu /ndu/ | yona /jona/ |
| Lait | andu /andu/ | andu /andu/ | sucu /suðu/ | huʻakau /huʔakau/ | susu /susu/ | mabisi /mabisi/ | duna /duna/ |
| Miel | oni /oni/ | mone ibane /mone ibane/ | oni /oni/ | hone /hone/ | meli /meli/ | linosi /linosi/ | utaʼ gabe /utaʔ ɡabe/ |
| Sel | aipi /aipi/ | ibi /ibi/ | masima /masima/ | māsima /maːsima/ | masima /masima/ | lizwai /lizwai/ | hage /haɡe/ |
| Vin | waene /waene/ | waini iba /waini iba/ | waini /waini/ | uaine /uaine/ | uaina /uaina/ | waine /waine/ | vaeni /vaeni/ |
| Fer | aene /aene/ | aeane /aeane/ | kaukamea /kaukamea/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | uʻamea /uʔamea/ | sipi /sipi/ | aeni /aeni/ |
| Livre | buku /buku/ | mbuga /mbuɡa/ | ivola /ivola/ | tohi /tohi/ | tusi /tusi/ | buka /buka/ | buku /buku/ |
| Manger | nepenge /nepeŋɡe/ | na /na/ | kana /kana/ | kai /kai/ | ʻai /ʔai/ | kuca /kutʃa/ | de /de/ |
| Boire | na pee /na peː/ | ila /ila/ | gunu /ŋunu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | de /de/ |
| Dormir | luu palenge /luː paleŋɡe/ | palia /palia/ | moce /moðe/ | mohe /mohe/ | moe /moe/ | kulobala /kulobala/ | ouʼ hao /ouʔ hao/ |
| Un | mendai /mendai/ | mbira /mbiɾa/ | dua /ndua/ | taha /taha/ | tasi /tasi/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ | bogo /boɡo/ |
| Deux | lapo /lapo/ | kira /kiɾa/ | rua /rua/ | ua /ua/ | lua /lua/ | peli /peli/ | lole /lole/ |
| Trois | tepo /tepo/ | tebira /tebiɾa/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | talu /talu/ | loleʼeʼ bogoʼeʼ /loleʔeʔ boɡoʔeʔ/ |
| Quatre | kitomende /kitomende/ | maria /maɾia/ | vā /vaː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | ne /ne/ | loleʼe loleʼe /loleʔe loleʔe/ |
| Cinq | yuungi /juːŋɡi/ | duria /duɾia/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ | faefu /faefu/ |
| Cent | andate /andate/ | handari /handari/ | drau /ndrau/ | teau /teau/ | selau /selau/ | mwanda /mwanda/ | hateleti /hateleti/ |
| Bonjour | kotaka /kotaka/ | balu /balu/ | bula /mbula/ | mālō e lelei /maːloː e lelei/ | talofa /talofa/ | lumela /lumela/ | amige /amiɡe/ |
| Merci | yaka pilyino lenge /jaka piʎino leŋɡe/ | wei /wei/ | vinaka /βinaka/ | mālō /maːloː/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ | tega /teɡa/ |
| Bon | epe /epe/ | bayale /bajale/ | vinaka /βinaka/ | lelei /lelei/ | lelei /lelei/ | nde /nde/ | ho /ho/ |
| Nouveau | enenge /eneŋɡe/ | gahenge /ɡaheŋɡe/ | vou /βou/ | foʻou /foʔou/ | fou /fou/ | nca /ntʃa/ | souva /souva/ |
| Rouge | kone /kone/ | daramabi /daɾamabi/ | damudamu /ndamundamu/ | kulokula /kulokula/ | mūmū /muːmuː/ | fubelu /fubelu/ | gitumaʼ /ɡitumaʔ/ |
| Blanc | kyeo /kjeo/ | pele /pele/ | vulavula /βulaβula/ | hinehina /hinehina/ | paʻepaʻe /paʔepaʔe/ | sweu /sweu/ | efeʼ /efeʔ/ |
| Noir | pumbuti /pumbuti/ | mindi /mindi/ | loaloa /loaloa/ | ʻuliʻuli /ʔuliʔuli/ | uliuli /uliuli/ | nsu /nsu/ | nupa /nupa/ |
| Vert | sakapae /sakapae/ | — | drokadroka /ndrokandroka/ | lanu mata /lanu mata/ | lanumeamata /lanumeamata/ | tala /tala/ | — |
| Bleu | sakapae /sakapae/ | mindibi /mindibi/ | karakarawa /karakarawa/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ | tala /tala/ | gumo /ɡumo/ |
| Café | kopi /kopi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofe /kofe/ | kofi /kofi/ | — |
| Sucre | suka /suka/ | — | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | sukana /sukana/ |
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