Vananga Rapa Nui
Rapanui
Austronésien (Polynésien, oriental)
Le rapanui est la langue indigène de l'île de Pâques, la plus isolée des langues polynésiennes, séparée des autres pendant plus d'un millénaire. L'écriture rongorongo, encore non déchiffrée, demeure l'une des plus grandes énigmes de la linguistique.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en rapanui
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : Austronésien (Polynésien, oriental)
| Sens | Rapanui | Marquisien | Tuamotuan | Maori des îles Cook | Pukapukan | Māori | Tahitien |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | wai /wai/ | wai /wai/ | pape /pape/ |
| Feu | ahi /ahi/ | ahi /ahi/ | ahi /ahi/ | aʻi /aʔi/ | awi /awi/ | ahi /ahi/ | auahi /auahi/ |
| Soleil | raʻā /ɾaʔaː/ | ʻoumati /ʔoumati/ | rā /raː/ | rā /raː/ | la /la/ | rā /ɾaː/ | mahana /mahana/ |
| Lune | mahina /mahina/ | mahina /mahina/ | marama /marama/ | marama /marama/ | malama /malama/ | marama /maɾama/ | marama /maɾama/ |
| Étoile | hetuʻu /hetuʔu/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | fetū /fetuː/ | etū /etuː/ | wetū /wetuː/ | whetū /ɸetuː/ | fetiʻa /fetiʔa/ |
| Nuit | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ |
| Pluie | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ |
| Vent | tokerau /tokeɾau/ | metani /metani/ | matangi /mataŋi/ | matangi /mataŋi/ | matangi /mataŋi/ | hau /hau/ | mataʻi /mataʔi/ |
| Terre | ʻoʻone /ʔoʔone/ | ʻepo /ʔepo/ | repo /repo/ | one /one/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | oneone /oneone/ | repo /ɾepo/ |
| Pierre | maʻea /maʔea/ | keʻa /keʔa/ | pōfatu /poːfatu/ | toka /toka/ | watu /watu/ | kōhatu /koːhatu/ | ʻōfaʻi /ʔoːfaʔi/ |
| Montagne | maʻunga /maʔuŋa/ | — | māunga /maːuŋa/ | maunga /mauŋa/ | maunga /mauŋa/ | maunga /mauŋa/ | mouʻa /mouʔa/ |
| Mer | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | moana /moana/ | moana /moana/ |
| Mère | matuʻa vahine /matuʔa vahine/ | kui /kui/ | metua vahine /metua vahine/ | māmā /maːmaː/ | matua wawine /matua wawine/ | whaea /ɸaea/ | māmā /maːmaː/ |
| Père | matuʻa tāne /matuʔa taːne/ | motua /motua/ | metua tāne /metua taːne/ | pāpā /paːpaː/ | matua tāne /matua taːne/ | matua /matua/ | pāpā /paːpaː/ |
| Fille | poki vahine /poki vahine/ | — | tamahine /tamahine/ | tamaine /tamaine/ | tamāwine /tamaːwine/ | tamāhine /tamaːhine/ | tamāhine /tamaːhine/ |
| Je | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ |
| Tu | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ |
| Nous | tatou / matou /tatou / matou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Nom | ingoa /iŋoa/ | ikoa /ikoa/ | ingoa /iŋoa/ | ingoa /iŋoa/ | ingoa /iŋoa/ | ingoa /iŋoa/ | iʻoa /iʔoa/ |
| Personne | tangata /taŋata/ | ʻenana /ʔenana/ | tangata /taŋata/ | tangata /taŋata/ | tangata /taŋata/ | tangata /taŋata/ | taʻata /taʔata/ |
| Tête | puʻoko /puʔoko/ | upoko /upoko/ | upoko /upoko/ | upoko /upoko/ | ulu /ulu/ | upoko /upoko/ | upoʻo /upoʔo/ |
| Œil | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | karu /kaɾu/ | mata /mata/ |
| Oreille | taringa /taɾiŋa/ | puaʻika /puaʔika/ | taringa /tariŋa/ | taringa /taɾiŋa/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | taringa /taɾiŋa/ | tariʻa /taɾiʔa/ |
| Nez | ihu /ihu/ | ihu /ihu/ | ihu /ihu/ | putāngiʻu /putaːŋiʔu/ | iyu /iðu/ | ihu /ihu/ | ihu /ihu/ |
| Bouche | haha /haha/ | haha /haha/ | vaha /vaha/ | vaʻa /vaʔa/ | ngutu /ŋutu/ | waha /waha/ | vaha /vaha/ |
| Dent | niho /niho/ | niho /niho/ | niho /niho/ | niʻo /niʔo/ | nio /nio/ | niho /niho/ | niho /niho/ |
| Langue | arero /aɾeɾo/ | ʻeʻo /ʔeʔo/ | arero /aɾeɾo/ | arero /aɾeɾo/ | alelo /alelo/ | arero /aɾeɾo/ | arero /aɾeɾo/ |
| Main | rima /ɾima/ | ʻima /ʔima/ | rima /rima/ | rima /ɾima/ | lima /lima/ | ringa /ɾiŋa/ | rima /ɾima/ |
| Pied | vaʻe /vaʔe/ | vae /vae/ | vae /vae/ | vae /vae/ | vae /vae/ | waewae /waewae/ | ʻāvae /ʔaːvae/ |
| Cœur | mahatu /mahatu/ | houpo /houpo/ | hōupo /hoːupo/ | ngākau /ŋaːkau/ | loto /loto/ | ngākau /ŋaːkau/ | mafatu /mafatu/ |
| Os | ivi /ivi/ | ivi /ivi/ | ivi /ivi/ | ivi /ivi/ | ivi /ivi/ | kōiwi /koːiwi/ | ivi /ivi/ |
| Sang | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ |
| Caca | tūtaʻe /tuːtaʔe/ | — | tūtae /tuːtae/ | tūtae /tuːtae/ | tūtae /tuːtae/ | tūtae /tuːtae/ | tūtae /tuːtae/ |
| Amour | hanga /haŋa/ | hanahana /hanahana/ | aroha /aroha/ | aroʻa /aɾoʔa/ | aloa /aloa/ | aroha /aɾoha/ | here /heɾe/ |
| Arbre | tumu rākau /tumu ɾaːkau/ | tumu kahi /tumu kahi/ | rākau /raːkau/ | rākau /raːkau/ | lākau /laːkau/ | rākau /ɾaːkau/ | tumu rāʻau /tumu ɾaːʔau/ |
| Chien | paihenga /paiheŋa/ | peto /peto/ | kuri /kuri/ | puakaoa /puakaoa/ | kulī /kuliː/ | kurī /kuɾiː/ | ʻūrī /ʔuːɾiː/ |
| Chat | kati /kati/ | piki /piki/ | — /—/ | ngiao /ŋiao/ | pusi /pusi/ | ngeru /ŋeɾu/ | mīmī /miːmiː/ |
| Poisson | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | iʻa /iʔa/ |
| Oiseau | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ |
| Papillon | pepa /pepa/ | — | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | — | pūrerehua /puːɾeɾehua/ | pepe /pepe/ |
| Œuf | māmari /maːmaɾi/ | mamaʻi /mamaʔi/ | tōuo /toːuo/ | ua /ua/ | wuamoa /wuamoa/ | hēki /heːki/ | huero /hueɾo/ |
| Ours | oso /oso/ | — | — | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | daba /daba/ |
| Cheval | hoi /hoi/ | ekeuna /ekeuna/ | puārehenua /puaːrehenua/ | ʻoroʻenua /ʔoɾoʔenua/ | oloenua /oloenua/ | hōiho /hoːiho/ | puaʻahorofenua /puaʔahoɾofenua/ |
| Maison | hare /haɾe/ | haʻe /haʔe/ | fare /fare/ | ʻare /ʔaɾe/ | wale /wale/ | whare /ɸaɾe/ | fare /faɾe/ |
| Lait | ū /uː/ | — | — | ū /uː/ | wū /wuː/ | miraka /miɾaka/ | ū /uː/ |
| Miel | meri /meɾi/ | — | — | meri /meri/ | meli /meli/ | miere /mieɾe/ | meri /meɾi/ |
| Sel | miti /miti/ | paʻatai /paʔatai/ | miti /miti/ | miti /miti/ | miti /miti/ | tote /tote/ | miti /miti/ |
| Vin | vino /vino/ | — | — | uaina /uaina/ | uwaina /uwaina/ | wāina /waːina/ | uaina /uaina/ |
| Riz | raiti /ɾaiti/ | — | — | raiti /ɾaiti/ | — | raihi /ɾaihi/ | raiti /ɾaiti/ |
| Fer | auri /auɾi/ | — | kāuri /kaːuri/ | ʻāuri /ʔaːuri/ | āuli /aːuli/ | rino /ɾino/ | ʻāuri /ʔaːuɾi/ |
| Roue | — /—/ | — | huira /huira/ | porotātā /poɾotaːtaː/ | — | wīra /wiːɾa/ | huira /huiɾa/ |
| Soie | sea /sea/ | — | — | tīrika /tiːɾika/ | tilika /tilika/ | hiraka /hiɾaka/ | — |
| Livre | puka /puka/ | — | puta /puta/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | pukapuka /pukapuka/ | puta /puta/ |
| Manger | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | ʻamu /ʔamu/ |
| Boire | unu /unu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ |
| Dormir | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | taʻoto /taʔoto/ |
| Un | tahi /tahi/ | tahi /tahi/ | tahi /tahi/ | taʻi /taʔi/ | tayi /taði/ | tahi /tahi/ | hōʻē /hoːʔeː/ |
| Deux | rua /ɾua/ | ʻua /ʔua/ | rua /rua/ | rua /rua/ | lua /lua/ | rua /ɾua/ | piti /piti/ |
| Trois | toru /toɾu/ | toʻu /toʔu/ | toru /toɾu/ | toru /toɾu/ | tolu /tolu/ | toru /toɾu/ | toru /toɾu/ |
| Quatre | hā /haː/ | hā /haː/ | hā /haː/ | ʻā /ʔaː/ | wā /waː/ | whā /ɸaː/ | maha /maha/ |
| Cinq | rima /ɾima/ | ʻima /ʔima/ | rima /ɾima/ | rima /ɾima/ | lima /lima/ | rima /ɾima/ | pae /pae/ |
| Cent | rau /ɾau/ | ʻau /ʔau/ | hānere /haːnere/ | ʻānere /ʔaːnere/ | lau /lau/ | rau /ɾau/ | hānere /haːneɾe/ |
| Bonjour | ʻiorana /ʔioɾana/ | kaʻoha /kaʔoha/ | — /—/ | kia orāna /kia oɾaːna/ | kia orana /kia oɾana/ | kia ora /kia oɾa/ | ʻia ora na /ʔia oɾa na/ |
| Merci | maururu /mauɾuɾu/ | mauruuru /mauɾuuɾu/ | — /—/ | meitaki /meitaki/ | meitaki /meitaki/ | ngā mihi /ŋaː mihi/ | māuruuru /maːuɾuuɾu/ |
| Bon | riva /ɾiva/ | meitaʻi /meitaʔi/ | maitaki /maitaki/ | meitaki /meitaki/ | lelei /lelei/ | pai /pai/ | maitaʻi /maitaʔi/ |
| Nouveau | hoʻou /hoʔou/ | hou /hou/ | hoou /hoou/ | ʻou /ʔou/ | wou /wou/ | hou /hou/ | ʻāpī /ʔaːpiː/ |
| Rouge | mea mea /mea mea/ | kuʻa /kuʔa/ | kura /kuɾa/ | muramura /muɾamuɾa/ | kula /kula/ | whero /ɸeɾo/ | ʻuteʻute /ʔuteʔute/ |
| Blanc | tea tea /tea tea/ | tea /tea/ | tea /tea/ | teatea /teatea/ | tea /tea/ | mā /maː/ | teatea /teatea/ |
| Noir | uri uri /uɾi uɾi/ | keʻekeʻe /keʔekeʔe/ | kere /kere/ | kerekere /keɾekeɾe/ | uli /uli/ | mangu /maŋu/ | ʻereʻere /ʔeɾeʔeɾe/ |
| Vert | rito mata /ɾito mata/ | — | matie /matie/ | matie /matie/ | yengayenga /ðeŋaðeŋa/ | kākāriki /kaːkaːɾiki/ | matie /matie/ |
| Bleu | moana /moana/ | moho /moho/ | ninamu /ninamu/ | auīka /auiːka/ | yengayenga /ðeŋaðeŋa/ | kahurangi /kahuɾaŋi/ | nīnamu /niːnamu/ |
| Sucre | tihota /tihota/ | — | — | tuka /tuka/ | — | huka /huka/ | tihota /tihota/ |
| 99 | iva ʻahuru mā iva /iva ʔahuɾu maː iva/ | — | — | iva ngaʻuru mā iva /iva ŋaʔuɾu maː iva/ | — | iwa tekau mā iwa /iwa tekau maː iwa/ | — |
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