chiManyika
Manyika
Niger-Congo
Le manyika (chiManyika) est une langue bantoue du groupe shona (Glottolog S13a), parlée par environ 2 millions de personnes dans la province du Manicaland, à l'est du Zimbabwe (autour de Mutare/Old Umtali) et dans les zones frontalières adjacentes de la province de Manica, au Mozambique. Historiquement classé comme un dialecte du shona dans le cadre du rapport d'unification de Doke de 1931, le manyika est de plus en plus reconnu comme un membre distinct du groupe, doté de son propre inventaire lexical, de traits phonologiques (schémas tonals propres au manyika et lénition consonantique) et d'une riche tradition littéraire. Parmi les locuteurs célèbres du manyika figure l'ancien Premier ministre du Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe (né à Kutama, district de Zvimba). Malgré ses 2 millions de locuteurs, le manyika subit une pression continue du shona standard dans l'éducation et les médias ; la tradition littéraire manyika est préservée à travers l'hymnodie, l'histoire orale (ngano) et la poésie régionale.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en manyika
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : Niger-Congo
| Sens | Manyika | Shona | Ndau | Sena | Tumbuka | Tonga de Zambie | Chichewa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | meenda /meːnda/ | madzi /madzi/ |
| Feu | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | moto /moto/ |
| Soleil | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | zuba /zuba/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ |
| Lune | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Étoile | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| Nuit | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | busiku /busiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Pluie | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | vula /ˈvula/ | imvula /imvula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ |
| Vent | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | muwo /muwo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ |
| Terre | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /ivu/ | mataka /mataka/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ |
| Pierre | ibwe /iɓwe/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | buwe /buwe/ | mwala /mwala/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ |
| Montagne | gomo /ɡomo/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | mutunhu /mutunʰu/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | cilundu /tʃilundu/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ |
| Mer | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | ruandhle /ruandɮe/ | bara /bara/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ |
| Mère | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | mai /mai/ | amama /amama/ | bama /bama/ | amayi /amaji/ |
| Père | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | adada /adada/ | bataata /bataːta/ | abambo /abambo/ |
| Fille | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ |
| Je | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ime /ime/ | ine /ine/ |
| Tu | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Nous | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | isusu /isusu/ | ife /ife/ | ise /ise/ | iswe /iswe/ | ife /ife/ |
| Nom | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | zina /zina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zina /zina/ | izina /iˈziːna/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| Personne | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | muntu /muntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| Tête | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | soro /soro/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| Œil | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | dziso /dziso/ | diso /diso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | liso /liso/ | diso /diso/ |
| Oreille | nzeve /nzeve/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzee /nzee/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| Nez | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | miro /miro/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | impemo /impemo/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ |
| Bouche | muromo /muromo/ | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ |
| Dent | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | dzino /dzino/ | jino /dʒino/ | linyo /liɲo/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| Langue | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurumi /ɾuɾumi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | mulaka /mulaka/ | lilime /lilime/ |
| Main | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | ruoko /rwoko/ | nyara /ɲara/ | nkono /nkono/ | woko /woko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ |
| Cœur | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | ntima /ntima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | moyo /mojo/ | mtima /mtima/ |
| Os | godo /ɡodo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | ifuwa /ifuwa/ | fupa /fupa/ |
| Sang | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ngazi /ŋɡazi/ | malopa /malopa/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | bulowa /bulowa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| Caca | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | matuzvi /matuzvi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | mavi /mavi/ | tubi /tubi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ |
| Amour | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | luyando /lujando/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ |
| Arbre | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ |
| Chien | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | muvwa /muvwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ |
| Chat | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kiti /kiti/ | paka /paka/ | chona /tʃona/ | kaaze /kaːze/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ |
| Poisson | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | omba /omba/ | somba /somba/ | inswi /inswi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ |
| Oiseau | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | kayuni /kajuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ |
| Œuf | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | zanda /zanda/ | dzai /dzai/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | iji /idʒi/ | dzira /dzira/ |
| Cheval | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ |
| Maison | mhatso /mhatso/ | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mʰatso/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Lait | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mukupa /mukupa/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ |
| Miel | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uci /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buci /butʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Sel | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munyo /muɲo/ | mchere /mtʃere/ |
| Vin | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | vhini /vini/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ | vinyo /viɲo/ |
| Riz | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| Fer | simbi /simbi/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | utale /utale/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | butale /butale/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ |
| Roue | vhiri /βiri/ | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /viɾi/ | roda /roda/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | ivwili /iˈvwili/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ |
| Soie | siriki /siriki/ | sirika /sirika/ | sirika /siɾika/ | seda /seda/ | siliki /siliki/ | — | silika /silika/ |
| Livre | bhuku /buku/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | tsamba /tsamba/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | buku /buku/ | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| Manger | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| Boire | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| Dormir | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ | kuata /kuata/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | koona /koːna/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ |
| Un | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | potsi /potsi/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | posi /posi/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | mwi /mwi/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ |
| Deux | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piɾi/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | bili /bili/ | awiri /awiri/ |
| Trois | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | totatwe /totatwe/ | zitatu /zitatu/ |
| Quatre | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | rongomuna /ɾoŋɡomuna/ | pinai /pinai/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | ne /ne/ | zinayi /zinaji/ |
| Cinq | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | musanu /musanu/ | sanu /sanu/ |
| Cent | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ | zana /zana/ |
| Bonjour | makadii /makadiː/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ | mhoroi /mʰoɾoji/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | monire /moniɾe/ | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | moni /moni/ |
| Merci | mazviita /mazviita/ | maita /maita/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | yewo /jewo/ | twalumba /twalumba/ | zikomo /zikomo/ |
| Bon | kunaka /kunaka/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | kabotu /kabotu/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ |
| Nouveau | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | tsva /tsva/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | pya /pja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ |
| Rouge | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | funga /funɡa/ | swesi /swesi/ | subila /subila/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ |
| Blanc | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | cena /tʃena/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | salala /salala/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ |
| Noir | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | svipa /svipa/ | psipa /psipa/ | fipa /fipa/ | siya /sija/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ |
| 99 | makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi aali fuka afuka /makumi aːli fuka afuka/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ |
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