Tshivenḓa
Venda
Niger-Congo (atlantique-congo, Bantou, méridional Bantou)
Le venda (autonyme tshivenḓa) est une langue bantoue méridionale de la famille nigéro-congolaise, parlée principalement dans la province du Limpopo, au nord-est de l'Afrique du Sud, et dans certaines régions du Zimbabwe voisin. Elle compte environ 1,3 million de locuteurs et figure parmi les douze langues officielles de l'Afrique du Sud. Écrite dans un alphabet latin comportant des signes diacritiques, elle se distingue par des traits phonologiques la reliant aux langues kalanga et shona situées plus au nord.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en venda
tshokoleti
swiri
Sources
- en.wiktionary Venda lemmas; Venda Bible "Bivhili Khethwa Mafhungo Madifha" 1998 (bible.com version 280)
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : Niger-Congo (atlantique-congo, Bantou, méridional Bantou)
| Sens | Venda | Tsonga | Manyika | Lozi | Tswana | Sotho du Nord | Shona |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | maḓi /mad̪i/ | mati /mati/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mezi /mezi/ | metsi /metsi/ | meetse /meːtse/ | mvura /mvura/ |
| Feu | mulilo /mulilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | moto /moto/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | molelo /moleːlo/ | mollo /molːo/ | moto /moto/ |
| Soleil | ḓuvha /d̪uvʱa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | zuva /zuva/ | lizazi /lizazi/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | letšatši /letʃatʃi/ | zuva /zuva/ |
| Lune | ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | kweli /kweli/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ |
| Étoile | ṋaledzi /n̪aledzi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | naleli /naleli/ | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ |
| Nuit | vhusiku /vʱusiku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | busihu /busihu/ | bosigo /bosiχo/ | bošego /boʃeχo/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Pluie | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | mvura /mvura/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | mvura /mvura/ |
| Neige | mahaḓa /mahad̪a/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | — | litwa /ˈlitwa/ | semathana /semaˈtʰana/ | lehlwa /leˈɬwa/ | sinoo /sinoː/ |
| Vent | muya /muja/ | moya /moja/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | moya /moja/ | phefo /pʰefɔ/ | phefo /pʰɛfɔ/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ |
| Terre | mavu /mavu/ | misava /misava/ | ivhu /iβu/ | mubu /mubu/ | mmu /m̩mu/ | mobu /moβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ |
| Pierre | tombo /tombo/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | ibwe /iɓwe/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ | leje /lɛˈdʒe/ | leswika /leˈswika/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ |
| Montagne | thavha /tʰavʱa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | gomo /ɡomo/ | lilundu /lilundu/ | thaba /tʰaba/ | thaba /ˈtʰaba/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ |
| Mer | lwanzhe /lwanʒe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | liwate /liwate/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ |
| Mère | mme /mːe/ | manana /manana/ | amai /amai/ | ma /ma/ | mmê /mːɛ/ | mma /mːa/ | amai /amai/ |
| Père | khotsi /kʰotsi/ | tatana /tatana/ | baba /baba/ | ndate /ndate/ | rrê /rːɛ/ | tate /tate/ | baba /baba/ |
| Fille | ṅwananyana /ŋʷanaɲana/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ | morwadi /morwadi/ | morwedi /morwedi/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ |
| Je | nṋe /n̪ːe/ | mina /mina/ | ini /ini/ | na /na/ | nna /nːa/ | nna /nna/ | ini /ini/ |
| Tu | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Nous | riṋe /rin̪e/ | hina /hina/ | isu /isu/ | luna /luna/ | rona /rona/ | rena /rena/ | isu /isu/ |
| Nom | dzina /dzina/ | vito /vito/ | zita /zita/ | libizo /libizo/ | leina /leina/ | leina /leina/ | zita /zita/ |
| Personne | muthu /mutʰu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | mutu /mutu/ | motho /motʰo/ | motho /mʊtʰʊ/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ |
| Tête | ṱhoho /t̪ʰoho/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | musoro /musoro/ | toho /toho/ | tlhogo /tɬʰoχo/ | hlogo /ɬoχo/ | musoro /musoro/ |
| Œil | iṱo /it̪o/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | ziso /ziso/ | liito /liːto/ | leitlho /leitɬʰo/ | leihlo /leiɬo/ | ziso /ziso/ |
| Oreille | nḓevhe /n̪d̪evʱe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | nzeve /nzeve/ | zebe /zebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ |
| Nez | ningo /niŋo/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | mhino /mʱino/ | ngo /ŋo/ | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | nko /ŋˈko/ | mhino /mʱino/ |
| Bouche | mulomo /mulomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | muromo /muromo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | muromo /muˈromo/ |
| Dent | iṋo /in̪o/ | tino /tino/ | zino /zino/ | liino /liːno/ | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | zino /zino/ |
| Langue | lulimi /lulimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | rurimi /rurimi/ |
| Main | tshanḓa /tʃʰan̪d̪a/ | voko /voko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | lizoho /lizoho/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | ruoko /rwoko/ |
| Pied | mulenzhe /mulenʒe/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | — | lihutu /liˈhutu/ | lonao /lonao/ | leoto /leoto/ | tsoka /tsoka/ |
| Cœur | mbilu /mbilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | pilu /pilu/ | pelo /peːlo/ | pelo /pelo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ |
| Os | ḽirambo /l̪irambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | godo /ɡodo/ | sapo /sapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ |
| Sang | malofha /maloɸa/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | ropa /ropa/ | mali /mali/ | madi /madi/ | madi /madi/ | ropa /ropa/ |
| Caca | malaṱwa /malat̪wa/ | — | tsvina /tsvina/ | ñanda /ɲanda/ | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | tsvina /tsvina/ |
| Amour | lufuno /lufuno/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | lilato /lilato/ | lerato /leɾato/ | lerato /lerato/ | rudo /rudo/ |
| Arbre | muri /muri/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | muti /muti/ | kota /kota/ | setlhare /setɬʰaɾe/ | sehlare /seɬare/ | muti /muti/ |
| Chien | mmbwa /mːbwa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | nja /ndʒa/ | ntša /ntʃa/ | mpša /mpʃa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Chat | katse /katse/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | katsi /katsi/ | kaze /kaze/ | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | katsi /katsi/ |
| Poisson | khovhe /kʰovʱe/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | hove /hove/ | tapi /tapi/ | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | hlapi /ɬapi/ | hove /hove/ |
| Oiseau | tshiṋoni /tʃiˈn̪oni/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ | nonyane /nɔˈɲanɛ/ | nonyana /nʊɲana/ | shiri /ʃiri/ |
| Papillon | tshisusu /tʃʰisusu/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | — | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | shaveshave /ʃaveʃave/ |
| Œuf | gumba /ɡumba/ | tandza /tandza/ | zai /zai/ | lii /liː/ | lee /lɛɛ/ | lee /leː/ | zai /zai/ |
| Ours | biara /biara/ | bere /bere/ | — | bele /bele/ | bera /bɛra/ | bêrê /bɛrɛ/ | bheya /bʱeja/ |
| Cheval | bere /bere/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | bhiza /biza/ | pizi /pizi/ | pitse /pitse/ | pere /pere/ | bhiza /biza/ |
| Maison | nnḓu /n̪d̪u/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | ndu /ndu/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | imba /imba/ |
| Lait | mafhi /maɸi/ | masi /masi/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mabisi /mabisi/ | mashi /maʃi/ | maswi /maswi/ | mukaka /mukaka/ |
| Miel | mutoli /mutoli/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | uchi /utʃi/ | linosi /linosi/ | tswina /tswina/ | todi /todi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Sel | muṋo /mun̪o/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | lizwai /lizwai/ | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Vin | waini /waini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ | waine /waine/ | beine /beine/ | beine /beine/ | waini /waini/ |
| Riz | raisi /raisi/ | rhayisi /rajisi/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | laisi /laisi/ | raese /raese/ | reisi /reisi/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ |
| Chocolat | tshokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | — | chocolate | tshokolete /tsʰokolete/ | tšhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | chokoreti /tʃokoreti/ |
| Fer | tsimbi /tsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | sipi /sipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ |
| Roue | mulinga /muliŋa/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | vhiri /βiri/ | liwili /liwili/ | leotwana /leotwana/ | leotwana /leoˈtwana/ | vhiri /viri/ |
| Soie | siliga /siliɡa/ | silika /silika/ | siriki /siriki/ | siliki /siliki/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | sirika /sirika/ |
| Livre | bugu /buɡu/ | buku /buku/ | bhuku /buku/ | buka /buka/ | buka /buka/ | puku /puku/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ |
| Manger | u ḽa /u l̪a/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| Boire | u nwa /u nwa/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Dormir | u eḓela /u eˈd̪ela/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kulobala /kulobala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ |
| Un | nthihi /ntʰihi/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | tee /teː/ | potsi /potsi/ |
| Deux | mbili /mbili/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | piri /piri/ | peli /peli/ | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | piri /piri/ |
| Trois | tharu /tʰaru/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | tatu /tatu/ | talu /talu/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tatu /tatu/ |
| Quatre | ṋa /n̪a/ | mune /mune/ | ina /ina/ | ne /ne/ | nne /nːe/ | nne /nːɛ/ | ina /ina/ |
| Cinq | ṱhanu /t̪ʰanu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ | tlhano /tɬʰano/ | hlano /ɬano/ | shanu /ʃanu/ |
| Cent | ḓana /d̪ana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | mwanda /mwanda/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | zana /zana/ |
| Bonjour | ndaa /ndaː/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | makadii /makadiː/ | lumela /lumela/ | dumela /dumeːla/ | dumela /dumɛla/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ |
| Merci | ndo livhuwa /ndo livʱuwa/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | maita /maita/ |
| Bon | zwavhuḓi /zwavʱud̪i/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | nde /nde/ | siame /siaːme/ | botse /botse/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ |
| Nouveau | ntswa /ntswa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | itsva /itsva/ | nca /ntʃa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | mpsha /mpsʰa/ | itsva /itsva/ |
| Rouge | tswuku /tswuku/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | fubelu /fubelu/ | khibidu /kʰibidu/ | hubedu /hubedu/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ |
| Blanc | tshena /tsʰena/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | chena /tʃena/ | sweu /sweu/ | tshweu /tsʰwɛu/ | tšhweu /tʃʰwɛu/ | chena /tʃena/ |
| Noir | ntswu /ntswu/ | ntima /ntima/ | tema /tema/ | nsu /nsu/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | tema /tema/ |
| Vert | dala /dala/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | — | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | girini /ɡirini/ |
| Bleu | lutombo /lutombo/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | — | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | bhuluu /buluː/ |
| Ordinateur | khomphyutha /kʰompʰjutʰa/ | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | khomphuta /kʰompʰuta/ | khomphutha /kʰompʰutʰa/ | kombiyuta /kombijuta/ |
| Thé | tie /tie/ | tiya /tija/ | — | tii /tiː/ | tee /teː/ | teye /teje/ | tii /tiː/ |
| Café | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| Sucre | swigiri /swiɡiri/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | — | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | sukiri /sukiri/ | swikiri /swikiri/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| Orange | swiri | lamula /lamula/ | — | olenji /olendʒi/ | namune /namune/ | namune /namune/ | ranjisi /randʒisi/ |
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