Lubukusu
Bukusu
Niger-Congo
Le bukusu (lubukusu) est une langue bantoue du groupe luhya (Glottolog JE31c), parlée par environ 750 000 à 1,4 million de personnes dans les comtés de Bungoma et de Trans-Nzoia, dans l'ouest du Kenya. La communauté bukusu est la plus importante des quelque 17 sous-groupes luhya, se distinguant par ses rites de circoncision (sikhebo), ses traditions guerrières et la mythologie du mont Elgon partagée avec la langue sœur masaaba (myx) de l'autre côté de la frontière ougandaise. Sur le plan linguistique, le bukusu conserve des traits bantous conservateurs (15 à 18 classes nominales, une morphologie verbale complexe avec temps-aspect-mode, un système de registre à deux tons), Mutonyi (2000) fournissant la description linguistique moderne la plus complète. La Bible a été traduite en bukusu dans les années 1960, et il existe une activité communautaire d'édition de contes et de proverbes.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en bukusu
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : Niger-Congo
| Sens | Bukusu | Masaba | Luhya | Soga | Runyankole | Chiga | Kirundi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | kameechi /kameːtʃi/ | kamaatsi /kamaːtsi/ | amatsi /amatsi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| Feu | kumulilo /kumulilo/ | kamulilo /kamulilo/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| Soleil | enyanga /eɲaŋɡa/ | suuba /suːba/ | liuba /liuba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| Lune | kumwesi /kumwesi/ | umweesi /umweːsi/ | omwesi /omwesi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| Étoile | eng'enieesi /eŋeɲeːsi/ | kumunyeenye /kumuɲeːɲe/ | engʼiningʼini /eŋiniŋini/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| Nuit | siilo /siːlo/ | busilo /busilo/ | eshilo /eʃilo/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| Pluie | efula /efula/ | ifula /ifula/ | efula /eˈfula/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| Neige | ebarafu /ebarafu/ | — | itsaluchi /itsalutʃi/ | — | — | — | shelegi /ʃeleɡi/ |
| Vent | embeo /embeo/ | imbewo /imbewo/ | omuyeka /omujeka/ | empewo /empewo/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| Terre | liloba /liloba/ | liloba /liloba/ | liloba /liloba/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| Pierre | libaale /liβaːle/ | libaale /libaːle/ | lichina /litʃina/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| Montagne | sikulu /sikulu/ | lukiingi /lukiːŋɡi/ | eshikulu /eʃikulu/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | omusozi /omusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| Mer | enyanja /eɲandʒa/ | inyaantsa /iɲaːntsa/ | inyanza /iɲanza/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | inyanja /iɲaːndʒa/ |
| Mère | maayi /maːji/ | mayi /maji/ | mayi /maji/ | maama /maːma/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyina /ɲina/ | mama /maːma/ |
| Père | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | lata /lata/ | tata /tata/ | ishe /iʃe/ | data /data/ |
| Fille | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | umukhaana /umuxaːna/ | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| Je | ese /ese/ | ise /ise/ | ese /ese/ | nze /nze/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | jewe /ʒewe/ |
| Tu | ewe /ewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ewe /ewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | wewe /wewe/ |
| Nous | efwe /efwe/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | efwe /efwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| Nom | lisina /lisina/ | lisiina /lisiːna/ | elira /elira/ | eriina /eriːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | izina /izina/ |
| Personne | omundu /omundu/ | umundu /umundu/ | omundu /omundu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Tête | kumurwe /kumurwe/ | kumurwe /kumurwe/ | omurwe /omurwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| Œil | emoni /emoni/ | liiso /liːso/ | liiso /liːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| Oreille | liiru /liːru/ | khukhuru /kʰukʰuru/ | eshirwi /eʃirwi/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| Nez | lyolu /ljolu/ | lilyoolu /liʎoːlu/ | amolu /amolu/ | enhindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| Bouche | kumunwa /kumunwa/ | kumunwa /kumunwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | umunwa /umunwa/ |
| Dent | liino /liːno/ | liino /liːno/ | lino /lino/ | erino /erino/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| Langue | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| Main | kumukhono /kumuxono/ | kumukhono /kumukʰono/ | omukhono /omukʰono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| Pied | sikele /sikele/ | shikyele /ʃikjele/ | eshilenje /eʃilendʒe/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| Cœur | kumwoyo /kumwojo/ | umwoyo /umwojo/ | omwoyo /omwojo/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Os | sikuumba /sikuːmba/ | kumba /kumba/ | eshikumba /eʃikumba/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ |
| Sang | kamafuki /kamafuki/ | kamafuki /kamafuki/ | amasayi /amasaji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| Amour | khusiima /xusiːma/ | khusima /kʰusima/ | obuyanzi /obujanzi/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| Arbre | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ | omusala /omusala/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| Chien | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Chat | enyawu /eɲawu/ | paka /paka/ | lipusi /lipusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | kapa /kapa/ | akayabu /akajabu/ |
| Poisson | eng'eeni /eŋeːni/ | enyeni /eɲeni/ | inyeni /iɲeni/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| Oiseau | enyuni /eɲuni/ | khanywinywi /kʰaɲwiɲwi/ | linyonyi /liɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| Œuf | liiki /liːki/ | liiki /liːki/ | liki /liki/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Cheval | efarasi /efarasi/ | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | ifarashi /ifaraʃi/ |
| Maison | enju /endʒu/ | nzu /nzu/ | enzu /enzu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| Lait | kamabeele /kamaβeːle/ | kamabeele /kamabeːle/ | amabeere /amabeːre/ | amata /amata/ | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ |
| Miel | buukhi /buːxi/ | bubuukhi /bubuːkʰi/ | obushi /obuʃi/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| Sel | kumuunyu /kumuːɲu/ | kyumbi /kjumbi/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| Vin | endali /endali/ | iviini /iviːni/ | idivai /idivai/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ | umuvinyu /umuviɲu/ |
| Fer | sichuuma /sitʃuːma/ | sikyuma /sikjuma/ | eshibia /eʃibia/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | obutare /obutare/ | icuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| Roue | engara /eŋɡara/ | kumukuwu /kumukuwu/ | omukurutumu /omukurutumu/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | ipine /ipine/ |
| Livre | sitabu /sitabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | eshitabu /eʃitabu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| Manger | khulya /xulja/ | khulya /kʰuʎa/ | khulia /kʰulia/ | kulya /kulja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Boire | khunywa /xuɲwa/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Dormir | khukona /xukona/ | khukona /kʰukona/ | khukona /kʰukona/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| Un | ndala /ndala/ | mulala /mulala/ | ndala /ndala/ | ndala /ndala/ | emwe /emwe/ | rumwe /rumwe/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| Deux | babili /βaβili/ | babili /βaβili/ | tsibili /tsibili/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| Trois | bataru /βataru/ | bisatu /bisatu/ | tsitaru /tsitaru/ | isatu /isatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| Quatre | bane /βane/ | tsine /tsine/ | tsine /tsine/ | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | kane /kane/ |
| Cinq | baraano /βaraːno/ | tsirano /tsirano/ | tsirano /tsirano/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| Cent | miya /mija/ | sitondo /sitondo/ | emia /emia/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| Bonjour | mulembe /mulembe/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mwaakire /mwaːkire/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire /oraire/ | amahoro /amahoɾo/ |
| Merci | orio /orio/ | ole nise /ole nise/ | orio /orio/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| Bon | kalayi /kalaji/ | kalayi /kalaji/ | malayi /malaji/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | nziza /nziza/ |
| Nouveau | embia /embia/ | imbya /imbja/ | eshiyia /eʃijia/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekisya /etʃisja/ | nshasha /nʃaʃa/ |
| Rouge | besemu /βesemu/ | kumafu /kumafu/ | kumafu /kumafu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | gutukura /ɡutukura/ |
| Blanc | waanga /waːŋɡa/ | iwanga /iwaŋɡa/ | eshilafu /eʃilafu/ | ndheru /nd̪eru/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| Noir | mali /mali/ | imali /imali/ | eshimali /eʃimali/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iruɡavu/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| 99 | kamakhumi tisa na tisa /kamaxumi tisa na tisa/ | kamakhumi syeenda na syeenda /kamakʰumi sjeːnda na sjeːnda/ | amakhumi tisa na tisa /amaxumi tisa na tisa/ | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | mirongo icenda nʼicenda /miɾoŋɡo itʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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