Rukiga
Chiga
Famille atlantico-congolaise (branche bantoue, JE runyakitara)
Le chiga (rukiga) est une langue bantoue de la zone JE du sud-ouest de l'Ouganda (région de Kigezi : districts de Kabale, Kanungu, Rukiga), comptant environ 2,3 millions de locuteurs. Faisant partie du groupe runyakitara (avec le nyankole/runyankole, le tooro/rutoro, le nyoro/runyoro), il est hautement intelligible avec les trois autres ; les quatre sont parfois traités comme une seule langue (runyakitara) à des fins éducatives et de radiodiffusion. Système bantou standard de classes nominales avec un accord étendu, tons hauts/bas. Les Bakiga, traditionnellement agriculteurs dans les hautes terres de Kigezi, forment une importante communauté culturelle et politique ougandaise. Orthographe latine développée par des missionnaires.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en chiga
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : Famille atlantico-congolaise (branche bantoue, JE runyakitara)
| Sens | Chiga | Runyankole | Nyoro | Tooro | Soga | Luganda | Kinyarwanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amazzi /amaːzːi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| Feu | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omurro /omuro/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| Soleil | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | enjuba /eɲɟuba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| Lune | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| Étoile | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyunyuunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | enyunyuuzi /eɲuɲuːzi/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | emmunyeenye /emːuɲeːɲe/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| Nuit | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| Pluie | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /endʒura/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enkuba /eŋˈkuba/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| Vent | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | empewo /empewo/ | empewo /empeːwo/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| Terre | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | itaka /itaka/ | itaaka /itaːka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | ettaka /ettaka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| Pierre | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | ejjinja /edʒːiˈndʒa/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| Montagne | omusozi /omusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| Mer | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲɟa/ | enyanja /eɲaːndʒa/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | ennyanja /eɲːaɲdʒa/ | inyanja /iɲandʒa/ |
| Mère | nyina /ɲina/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | maama /maːma/ | maama /maːma/ | mama /maːma/ |
| Père | ishe /iʃe/ | tata /tata/ | isho /iʃo/ | isho /iʃo/ | lata /lata/ | taata /taːta/ | papa /paːpa/ |
| Fille | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuwala /omuwala/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| Je | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nze /nze/ | nze /nze/ | njye /ɲɟe/ |
| Tu | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ggwe /ɡːwe/ | wowe /wowe/ |
| Nous | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | ffe /fːe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| Nom | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | ibara /iβara/ | ibara /iβara/ | eriina /eriːna/ | erinnya /eriɲːa/ | izina /izina/ |
| Personne | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Tête | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| Œil | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| Oreille | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| Nez | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enhindo /eɲindo/ | ennyindo /eɲːindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| Bouche | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akamwa /akamwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ |
| Dent | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | erino /erino/ | erinnyo /eriɲːo/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| Langue | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| Main | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | engaro /eŋɡaro/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| Pied | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /etʃiɡere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| Cœur | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Os | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eggumba /eɡːumba/ | igufwa /iɡufwa/ |
| Sang | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| Caca | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amaazi /amaːzi/ | amazzi /amazːi/ | empitambi /empitambi/ | amase /amase/ |
| Amour | kukunda /kukunda/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | okwagala /okwaːɡala/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| Arbre | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| Chien | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Chat | kapa /kapa/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | paaka /paːka/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | pusi /pusi/ | kkapa /kːapa/ | injangwe /indʒaŋɡwe/ |
| Poisson | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | encu /eɲtʃu/ | encu /entʃu/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | ekyennyanja /etʃeɲːaɲdʒa/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| Oiseau | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | ennyonyi /eɲːoˈɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| Papillon | ekinyugunyugu /etʃiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ | ekihuguuhugu /ekihuɡuːhuɡu/ | — | ekihoiholya /ekihoiholja/ | ekiwoiwolo /ekiwoiwolo/ | ekiwojjolo /etʃiwodʒːolo/ | ikinyugunyugu /ikiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ |
| Œuf | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eggi /ˈeɡːi/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Ours | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | — | eddubu /edːubu/ | idubu /iduβu/ |
| Cheval | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embarasi /embarasi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | ifarashi /ifaˈraʃi/ |
| Maison | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | ennyumba /eɲːumba/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| Lait | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ |
| Miel | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /oβwoki/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | omubisi gwʼenjuki /omubisi ɡweɲdʒuki/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| Sel | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omunnyo /omuɲːo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| Vin | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ | eviini /eviːni/ | eviini /eviːni/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | wayini /wajini/ | divayi /divaji/ |
| Riz | omukyeeri /omutʃeːri/ | omukyeeri /omukjeːri/ | — | — | omutyele /omutjele/ | omuceere /omutʃeːre/ | umuceri /umuˈtʃeri/ |
| Fer | obutare /obutare/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyuma /eˈtʃuːma/ | icyuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| Roue | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | nnamuziga /nːamuˈziɡa/ | uruziga /uɾuziɡa/ |
| Soie | riiri /riːri/ | riiri /riːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| Livre | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| Manger | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | okulya /okulja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Boire | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | okunywa /okuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Dormir | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kuβjama/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | okwebaka /okweβaka/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| Un | rumwe /rumwe/ | emwe /emwe/ | emu /emu/ | emu /emu/ | ndala /ndala/ | emu /emu/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| Deux | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | bbiri /bːiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| Trois | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | isatu /iːsatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ssatu /sːatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| Quatre | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /iːna/ | ina /ina/ | nnya /ɲːa/ | kane /kane/ |
| Cinq | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | ttaano /tːaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| Cent | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| Bonjour | oraire /oraire/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | mwaakire /mwaːkire/ | oli otya /oli otja/ | muraho /muɾaːho/ |
| Merci | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ | webale /webale/ | webale /webale/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webale /weːbale/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| Bon | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /tʃiruŋɡi/ | byiza /bjiza/ |
| Nouveau | ekisya /etʃisja/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | mpya /mpja/ | gishya /ɡiʃja/ |
| Rouge | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | myufu /mjufu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | utukura /utukura/ |
| Blanc | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | ndheru /nd̪eru/ | eru /eːru/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| Noir | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iruɡavu/ | ddugavu /dduɡavu/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| Vert | kinyaasi /tʃiɲaːsi/ | kibabi /kibabi/ | — | — | — | kiragala /tʃiraɡala/ | icyatsi /iˈtʃaːtsi/ |
| Ordinateur | kompiyuta /kompijuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | mudasobwa /mudasobwa/ |
| Thé | cayi /tʃaji/ | chai /tʃai/ | — | — | — | caayi /tʃaːji/ | icyayi /itʃaːji/ |
| Sucre | sukari /sukari/ | shukaari /ʃukaːri/ | — | — | — | ssukaali /sːukaːli/ | isukari /isukari/ |
| 99 | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | kyenda na mwenda /tʃenda na mwenda/ | — | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | kyenda mu mwenda /tʃenda mu mwenda/ | mirongo cyenda nʼicyenda /miɾoŋɡo tʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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