Nahuatl
Nahuatl huastéca central
Uto-aztèque
Le nahuatl de la Huasteca centrale est l'une des trois principales variétés du nahuatl de la Huasteca (oriental nhe, central nch, occidental nhw), parlée par ~210 000 personnes dans la région centrale de la Huasteca, centrée sur l'État d'Hidalgo. Sur le plan linguistique, le nahuatl de la Huasteca centrale partage des traits du nahuatl classique avec ses variétés sœurs, avec des différences phonologiques mineures qui reflètent le continuum dialectal à travers la région de la Huasteca.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en nahuatl huastéca central
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : Uto-aztèque
| Sens | Nahuatl huastéca central | Nahuatl huastéca occidental | Nahuatl huastéca oriental | Nahuatl du Guerrero | Nahuatl classique | Pipil | Nahuatl de l'isthme |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ | at /at/ | a̱ꞌti /aːʔti/ |
| Feu | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ | tit /tit/ | tiꞌti /tiʔti/ |
| Soleil | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonajli /tonahli/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ | tunal /tunal/ | to̱nati̱ꞌ /toːnatiːʔ/ |
| Lune | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ | metzti /meːtsti/ | me̱tzti /meːtsti/ |
| Étoile | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ | cītlālin /siːˈtɬaːlin/ | sital /ˈsital/ | si̱talin /siːtalin/ |
| Nuit | youali /jowali/ | yohuali /jowali/ | yohuali /jowali/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ | yohualli /joːwalːi/ | tayua /tajuwa/ | yóhual /ˈjowal/ |
| Pluie | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kiˈjawitɬ/ | kiawit /kiawit/ | tiahua̱ꞌ /tiawaːʔ/ |
| Neige | sital set /sital set/ | sitlal setl /sitɬal setɬ/ | citlal cetl /sitɬal setɬ/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | cepayahuitl /sepaˈjawitɬ/ | — | — |
| Vent | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ehecatl /eˈhekatɬ/ | ejekat /eˈhekat/ | ejecaꞌ /ehekaʔ/ |
| Terre | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ | tlālli /tɬaːlːi/ | tal /ˈtaːl/ | ta̱jli /taːhli/ |
| Pierre | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tet /tet/ | teꞌti /teʔti/ |
| Montagne | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepētl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepet /ˈtepet/ | tepe̱ꞌ /tepeːʔ/ |
| Mer | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyi atl /weˈji atɬ/ | mar /mar/ | hueyatl /ˈweːjaːtɬ/ | — | láma̱r /ˈlamaːr/ |
| Mère | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | mama /mama/ | nanan /nanan/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ | nan /nan/ | te̱ye̱ꞌ /teːjeːʔ/ |
| Père | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ | tat /tat/ | te̱taj /teːtah/ |
| Fille | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ | ichpōchtli /itʃpoːtʃtɬi/ | nusiwapiltzin /nusiwaˈpiltsin/ | isihua̱piltzi̱n /isiwaːpiltsiːn/ |
| Je | na /na/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | nejua /neˈwa/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ | naja /ˈnaha/ | nej /neh/ |
| Tu | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | tejua /teˈwa/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ | taja /ˈtaha/ | tej /teh/ |
| Nous | tojuanti /tohˈwanti/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ | tehhuāntin /teʔˈwaːntin/ | tejemet /teˈhemet/ | tejame̱n / nejame̱n /tehameːn / nehameːn/ |
| Nom | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaitl /tokaitɬ/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ | tukay /ˈtukaj/ | to̱ca̱ꞌ /toːkaːʔ/ |
| Personne | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | tlācatl /tɬaːkatɬ/ | takat /ˈtakat/ | — |
| Tête | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | cuāitl /kʷaːitɬ/ | tzuntekun /tsuntekun/ | tzontecon /tsontekon/ |
| Œil | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ | ish /iʃ/ | i̱xti /iːʃti/ |
| Oreille | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacas /nakas/ | nacaztli /nakastɬi/ | nakas /nakas/ | nacas /nakas/ |
| Nez | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yak /jak/ | yacti /jakti/ |
| Bouche | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camatl /kamatɬ/ | ten /ten/ | te̱nti /teːnti/ |
| Dent | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlan /tɬan/ | tlantli /tɬantɬi/ | tan /tan/ | tanti /tanti/ |
| Langue | nenepili /nenepili/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepilli /nenepilːi/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | le̱nguaj /leːnɡʷah/ |
| Main | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | mayitl /majitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ | mey /mei/ | mayiꞌ /majiʔ/ |
| Pied | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | ikshi /ikʃi/ | icxi /ikʃi/ |
| Cœur | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ | yulu /julu/ | iya̱lmaj /ijaːlmah/ |
| Os | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | umit /umit/ | omiꞌ /omiʔ/ |
| Sang | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | yestli /jestɬi/ | eztli /esˈtɬi/ | esti /esti/ | esti /esti/ |
| Caca | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | — | cuitlatl /kʷitɬatɬ/ | kwitat /kʷitat/ | cuitaꞌ /kʷitaʔ/ |
| Amour | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ | tasujta /tasuhta/ | quinequi /kineki/ |
| Arbre | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuiꞌ /kʷawiʔ/ |
| Chien | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ | pelu /peːlu/ | pe̱lo /peːlo/ |
| Chat | misto /misto/ | mizton /miston/ | mizto /misto/ | miston /miston/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ | mistun /mistuːŋ/ | misto̱n /mistoːn/ |
| Poisson | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michin /mitʃin/ | to̱poj /toːpoh/ |
| Oiseau | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tōtōtl /toːtoːtɬ/ | tutut /tutut/ | to̱to̱ꞌ /toːtoːʔ/ |
| Papillon | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | pāpālōtl /paːpaːloːtɬ/ | papalut /papalut/ | me̱me̱ /meːmeː/ |
| Œuf | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ | tōtoltetl /toːtoltetɬ/ | teksisti /teksisti/ | itecsis /iteksis/ |
| Ours | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | tlācamāyeh /tɬaːkamaːjeʔ/ | tekwani metzkujkutu /teːˈkʷani metskuhkutu/ | oso /oso/ |
| Cheval | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | cahuallo /kaˈwaːlːo/ | cahuayoh /kaˈwajuh/ | cahua̱yoj /kaˈwaːjoh/ |
| Maison | kali /kali/ | cali /kali/ | cali /kali/ | kajli /kahli/ | calli /kalːi/ | kal /kal/ | cajli /kahli/ |
| Lait | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | chīchīhualāyōtl /tʃiːtʃiːwalaːjoːtɬ/ | — | chi̱chihuala̱ꞌ /tʃiːtʃiwalaːʔ/ |
| Miel | necti /nekti/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ | neuctli /nekʷtɬi/ | nekti /nekti/ | necti /nekti/ |
| Sel | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | iztatl /istatɬ/ | istat /istat/ | istaꞌ /istaʔ/ |
| Vin | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Riz | arroz /aˈros/ | — | — | arroz /aˈros/ | — | — | arro̱j /aroːh/ |
| Chocolat | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ | — | chukulat /tʃukulat/ | — |
| Fer | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepoztli /tepostɬi/ | tepusti /tepusti/ | tepos /tepos/ |
| Roue | rueda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | — | temalacatl /temalakatɬ/ | rweda /rweda/ | — |
| Soie | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | — | seda /seda/ |
| Livre | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | amatl /amatɬ/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | āmoxtli /aːˈmoʃtɬi/ | amat /amat/ | a̱maꞌ /aːmaʔ/ |
| Manger | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | takwa /takwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ |
| Boire | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | koni /koni/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ | ati /ati/ | a̱ti /aːti/ |
| Dormir | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | kuchi /ˈkutʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ |
| Un | ce /se/ | se /se/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | cē /seː/ | se /se/ | se̱ /seː/ |
| Deux | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ | ume /ˈume/ | o̱me /oːme/ |
| Trois | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | yeyi /jeji/ | yei /jeːi/ | yey /jej/ | e̱yi /eːji/ |
| Quatre | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nāhui /naːwi/ | nawi /naːwi/ | na̱hui /naːwi/ |
| Cinq | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ | mācuīlli /maːˈkʷiːlːi/ | makwil /maˈkʷil/ | cinco /sinko/ |
| Cent | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ | mācuīlpōhualli /maːkʷiːlpoːˈwalːi/ | tzunti /tsunti/ | cien /sjen/ |
| Bonjour | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | pialli /pialːi/ | panolti /panolti/ | niltze /niltse/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | — /—/ |
| Merci | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | gracias /ɡrasjas/ |
| Bon | kuali /kʷali/ | cuali /kʷali/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | yek /jeːk/ | ye̱cti /jeːkti/ |
| Nouveau | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ | yancuic /jankʷik/ | yankwik /jaŋkʷik/ | yancuiꞌ /jankʷiʔ/ |
| Rouge | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chiltik /tʃiltik/ | chi̱ltiꞌ /tʃiːltiʔ/ |
| Blanc | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | iztāc /istaːk/ | istak /istak/ | ista̱ꞌ /istaːʔ/ |
| Noir | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ | tlīltic /tɬiːltik/ | tiltik /tiltik/ | pi̱stiꞌ /piːstiʔ/ |
| Vert | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ | xoxoctic /ʃoʃoktik/ | shushuwik /ʃuʃuwik/ | xoxoctiꞌ /ʃoʃoktiʔ/ |
| Bleu | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azul /aˈsul/ | texotli /teʃohtɬi/ | — | aso̱ltiꞌ /asoːltiʔ/ |
| Ordinateur | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | — | — | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | nepōhualtzintzin /nepoːwalˈtsintsin/ | computadora | — |
| Thé | té /te/ | — | — | té /te/ | — | — | — |
| Café | kafej /kafeh/ | — | cafe /kafe/ | café /kaˈfe/ | — | — | capej /kapeh/ |
| Sucre | chanchaka /tʃantʃaka/ | — | tzopelictli /tsopeliktɬi/ | azúcar /aˈsukar/ | — | — | — |
| Orange | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | alaxox /ˈalaʃoːʃ/ | naranja /naˈranxa/ | — | — | — |
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