Bodéwadmimwen
Potawatomi
algique (Algonquian, Central Algonquian, ojibwé-potawatomi)
Le potawatomi (Bodéwadmimwen, « langue des gardiens du feu ») est une langue algonquienne centrale étroitement apparentée à l'ojibwé mais qui s'en distingue par une syncope systématique : les voyelles brèves non accentuées sont supprimées, produisant des groupes consonantiques denses absents des langues anishinaabe sœurs. Elle fait l'objet d'une revitalisation active de la part des communautés Citizen, Prairie Band, Hannahville, Pokagon et de l'île Walpole.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en potawatomi
Sources
- Hockett, Charles F. (1948) Potawatomi I-IV. International Journal of American Linguistics 14:1-10, 63-73, 139-149, 213-225.
- Lockwood, Hunter T. (2017) How the Potawatomi Language Lives: A Grammar of Potawatomi. PhD dissertation, U. Wisconsin-Madison.
- Glottolog: Potawatomi
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : algique (Algonquian, Central Algonquian, ojibwé-potawatomi)
| Sens | Potawatomi | Ojibwé | Algonquin | Atikamekw | Abénaquis occidental | Munsee | Ménominee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | mbish /mbɪʃ/ | nibi /nibi/ | nibì /nɪbiː/ | nipi /nipi/ | nebi /nebi/ | mpíi /mbiː/ | nepāew /nəpaːew/ |
| Feu | shkodé /ʃkode/ | ishkode /iʃkode/ | ishkotè /ɪʃkɔteː/ | ickote /iʃkote/ | skweda /skweda/ | lúhsuw /luhsuw/ | eskotēw /eskoteːw/ |
| Soleil | gises /ɡises/ | giizis /ɡiːzis/ | kìzis /kiːzɪs/ | pisimw /pisimʷ/ | kisos /kisos/ | kíishux /kiːʃux/ | kēsoq /keːsoʔ/ |
| Lune | dbëk-gises /dbək‿ɡises/ | dibik-giizis /dibik ɡiːzis/ | tibik-kìzis /tɪbɪkkiːzɪs/ | tipiskaw pisim /tipiskaw pisim/ | nanibossad /nanibossad/ | nipáhum /nipahum/ | tepāhkēsoq /tepaːhkeːsoʔ/ |
| Étoile | nuk /nək/ | anang /anaŋ/ | anang /aˈnaŋ/ | atcakoc /atʃakoʃ/ | alakws /alakʷs/ | alaánkw /alaːŋkʷ/ | anaeq /anæʔ/ |
| Nuit | pkonyak /pkoɲak/ | dibik /dibik/ | tibik /tibik/ | tipisko /tipisko/ | tebokw /tebokʷ/ | piskeew /piskeːw/ | tepāhkeh /tepaːhkeh/ |
| Neige | gon /ɡon/ | goon /ɡoːn/ | kòn /kɔːn/ | kon /kon/ | wazôli /wazɔ̃li/ | koon /koːn/ | kōn /koːn/ |
| Terre | ke /kɛ/ | aki /aki/ | aki /aki/ | aski /aski/ | ki /ki/ | — | ahkēw /ahkeːw/ |
| Pierre | sen /sɛn/ | asin /aˈsin/ | asin /asin/ | asini /asini/ | sen /sen/ | asun /əsən/ | aqsan /aʔsan/ |
| Montagne | bkotnyawen /bkotnjawɪn/ | wajiw /wadʒiw/ | pikwadin /pikwadin/ | matinaw /matinaw/ | — | — | wacēw /watʃeːw/ |
| Mer | kche gami /ktʃɛ ɡami/ | gichigami /ɡitʃiɡami/ | kichigam /kitʃiɡam/ | kitcikami /kitʃikami/ | sobagw /sobaɡʷ/ | — | kaeqcekam /kæʔtʃekam/ |
| Mère | nge /ŋɡe/ | nimaamaa /nimaːmaː/ | ningà /nɪŋɡaː/ | okawi /okawi/ | nigawes /niɡawes/ | nkáhees /ŋkaheːs/ | nekīah /nekiːah/ |
| Père | nos /nos/ | indede /indede/ | nòs /nɔːs/ | otawi /otawi/ | mitôgwes /mitɔ̃ɡwes/ | nóoxw /noːxw/ | nōhnāeh /noːhnaːeh/ |
| Fille | ndanes /ndanəs/ | indaanis /indaːnis/ | — | otanis /otaːnis/ | — | — | — |
| Je | nin /nin/ | niin /niːn/ | niin /niːn/ | nir /niɾ/ | nia /nia/ | nii /niː/ | nenah /nɛnah/ |
| Tu | kin /kin/ | giin /ɡiːn/ | giin /ɡiːn/ | kir /kiɾ/ | kia /kia/ | kii /kiː/ | kenah /kɛnah/ |
| Nous | kinan / ninan /kinan / ninan/ | giinawind / niinawind /ɡiːnawind / niːnawind/ | giinawind / niinawind /ɡiːnawind / niːnawind/ | kirano / ninan /kiɾano / ninan/ | kiona / niona /kiona / niona/ | kiilóona / niilóona /kiːloːna / niːloːna/ | kenaq / nenaq /kɛnaʔ / nɛnaʔ/ |
| Nom | zhnekaswen /ʒnɛkaswən/ | izhinikaazowin /iʒinikaːzowin/ | wiinzowin /wiːnzowin/ | icinikatewin /iʃinikatewin/ | wizôwôgan /wizɔ̃wɔ̃ɡan/ | wiinzuwaakan /wiːnzuwaːkan/ | -esian /ɛsian/ |
| Personne | bémadzet /bemadzɪt/ | anishinaabe /aniʃinaːbe/ | — | iriniw /iɾiniw/ | alnôba /alnɔ̃ba/ | — | — |
| Œil | shkishek /ʃkɪʃek/ | oshkiinzhig /oʃkiːnʒiɡ/ | oshkìnzhig /ɔʃkiːnʒɪɡ/ | ockicikonan /oʃkiʃikonan/ | msizukw /msizukʷ/ | wíikšiit /wiːkʃiːt/ | oskēsek /oskeːsek/ |
| Oreille | tog /toɡ/ | otawag /otawaɡ/ | otawag /ɔtawaɡ/ | otokainan /otokainan/ | otawagw /otawaɡʷ/ | — | — |
| Nez | jash /dʒaʃ/ | ojaanzh /odʒaːnʒ/ | — | okotinan /okotinan/ | — | — | — |
| Bouche | don /don/ | odoon /odoːn/ | odòn /ɔdɔːn/ | otoninan /otoninan/ | mdon /mdon/ | — | — |
| Dent | nibet /nibət/ | wiibid /wiːbid/ | wiibid /wiːbid/ | wipit /wipit/ | wibit /wibit/ | nipit /nipit/ | wēpet /weːpet/ |
| Langue | tno /tənoː/ | denaniw /denaniw/ | apijan /apidʒan/ | oterininan /oteɾininan/ | wilalo /wilalo/ | wilanew /wilanew/ | tēnaniw /teːnaniw/ |
| Main | nej /netʃ/ | ninij /ninidʒ/ | ninj /nɪndʒ/ | otcitcinan /otʃitʃinan/ | melji /meldʒi/ | mléelii /mleːliː/ | onehkeh /onehkeh/ |
| Pied | zet /zɛt/ | nizid /nizid/ | ozid /ozid/ | osit /osit/ | mzid /mzid/ | nzíit /nziːt/ | osēt /oseːt/ |
| Cœur | déh /deː/ | odeʼ /odeʔ/ | odè /ɔdeː/ | otehinan /otehinan/ | mlawôgan /mlawɔ̃ɡan/ | ulehyii /ulehjiː/ | otēh /oteːh/ |
| Os | ken /kɛn/ | okan /okan/ | okan /okan/ | oskaninan /oskaninan/ | oskan /oskan/ | wakan /wakan/ | ohkan /ohkan/ |
| Sang | mskwe /mskʷə/ | miskwi /miskwi/ | miskwi /miskwi/ | miko /miko/ | bagakan /baɡakan/ | mokw /mokʷ/ | meskoh /mɛskoh/ |
| Caca | mowech /mowetʃ/ | moow /moːw/ | — | mei /mej/ | — | — | — |
| Amour | zhawéndan /ʒaweːndan/ | zaagiʼiwewin /zaːɡiʔiweːwin/ | sàgiʼà /saːɡiʔaː/ | sakihiwewin /sakihiwewin/ | kazalmômuk /kazalmɔ̃muk/ | ahóoluw /ahoːluw/ | kesāenemāew /kesaːenemaːew/ |
| Arbre | mtëg /mtəɡ/ | mitig /mitiɡ/ | mitig /mɪtɪɡ/ | mictikw /miʃtikʷ/ | abazi /abazi/ | hìttuk /hitːuk/ | metekoh /metekoh/ |
| Chien | nemosh /nemoʃ/ | animosh /animoʃ/ | animosh /anɪmɔʃ/ | atimw /atimʷ/ | alemos /alemos/ | mwáakaneew /mwaːkaneːw/ | anēm /aneːm/ |
| Chat | gazhag /ɡaʒaɡ/ | gaazhagens /ɡaːʒaɡens/ | — /—/ | minoc /minoʃ/ | minowis /minowis/ | póshiis /poʃiːs/ | — /—/ |
| Poisson | kigo /kiɡo/ | giigoonh /ɡiːɡõː/ | kikons /kiɡons/ | names /names/ | namas /namas/ | names /names/ | namēs /nameːs/ |
| Oiseau | bnéshi /bneʃi/ | bineshiinh /bineʃĩː/ | — | pirecic /piɾeʃiʃ/ | sips /sips/ | awehléeshoosh /awehleːʃoːʃ/ | — |
| Papillon | mémégé /memeɡe/ | memengwaa /memeŋɡwaː/ | — | kwakwapito /kwakwapito/ | — | — | mīmīkwǣw /miːmiːkwæːw/ |
| Œuf | waw /waw/ | waawan /waːwan/ | — | waw /waw/ | wôwan /wɔ̃wan/ | wáhwal /wahwal/ | — |
| Ours | mko /mko/ | makwa /makwa/ | makwa /makwa/ | masko /masko/ | awasos /awasos/ | maxkw /maxkʷ/ | awǣhsaeh /awæːhsæh/ |
| Cheval | nékdosha /nekdoʃa/ | bebezhigooganzhii /bebeʒiɡoːɡanʒiː/ | pejòshkwe /peʒɔːʃkʷe/ | atikw /atikʷ/ | ases /ases/ | — | — |
| Maison | wigwam /wiɡwam/ | wiigiwaam /wiːɡiwaːm/ | wàkàigan /waːkaːiɡan/ | mikiwam /mikiwam/ | wigwôm /wiɡwɔ̃m/ | wíikwam /wiːkwam/ | wīkewam /wiːkewam/ |
| Lait | nonagnabo /nonaɡnabo/ | doodooshaaboo /doːdoːʃaːboː/ | tòdòshànàbò /tɔːdɔːʃaːnaːbɔː/ | tcotcocanapo /tʃotʃoʃanapo/ | todosnôbo /todosnɔ̃bo/ | — | — |
| Sel | siwtagen /siwtaɡen/ | zhiiwitaagan /ʒiːwitaːɡan/ | shìwitàgan /ʃiːwitaːɡan/ | ciwotakan /ʃiwotakan/ | siwan /siwan/ | shíiwang /ʃiːwaŋ/ | sēwehtākan /seːwehtaːkan/ |
| Vin | shomenabo /ʃomenabo/ | mazhoominaaboo /maʒoːminaːboː/ | — | minicapo /miniʃapo/ | makwbagak /makʷbaɡak/ | — | — |
| Riz | mnomen /mnomɪn/ | waabi-manoomin /waːbi manoːmin/ | — | miromin /miɾomin/ | — | — | manōmaeh /manoːmæh/ |
| Fer | biwapêk /biwapʊk/ | biiwaabik /biːˈwaːbik/ | pìwàbik /piːwaːbik/ | piwapiskw /piwapiskʷ/ | — | — | — |
| Roue | détpese /detpese/ | detibised /detibised/ | — | toro /toɾo/ | wakôlikws /wakɔ̃likʷs/ | — | — |
| Manger | wisne /wɪsne/ | wiisini /wiːsini/ | wìsini /wiːsɪni/ | mitciso /mitʃiso/ | midjoda /midʒoda/ | mit /mit/ | mīcew /miːtʃew/ |
| Boire | mnëkwé /mnəkwe/ | minikwe /minikwe/ | minikwe /mɪnɪkwe/ | minikwew /minikwew/ | minoda /minoda/ | mneew /mneew/ | menew /menew/ |
| Dormir | mbé /mbe/ | nibaa /nibaː/ | nibà /nibaː/ | nipaw /nipaw/ | — | — | nepāw /nepaːw/ |
| Un | ngot /ŋɡot/ | bezhig /beʒiɡ/ | pejig /peʒɪɡ/ | peikw /pejkʷ/ | ngwedi /ŋɡwedi/ | ngwútii /ŋɡwutiː/ | nekot /nekot/ |
| Deux | nish /nɪʒ/ | niizh /niːʒ/ | niizh /niːʒ/ | nicw /niʃʷ/ | nis /nis/ | niisha /niːʃa/ | nīs /niːs/ |
| Trois | nswe /nswə/ | niswi /niswi/ | nisin /nisin/ | nicto /niʃto/ | nas /nas/ | nxáh /nxaːh/ | nɛʔniw /nɛʔniw/ |
| Quatre | nyew /njɛw/ | niiwin /niːwin/ | niwin /niwin/ | new /new/ | iaw /jaw/ | néewa /neːwa/ | nīw /niːw/ |
| Cinq | nyanen /njanɪn/ | naanan /naːnan/ | naanan /naːnan/ | niaran /niaɾan/ | nôlan /nɔ̃lan/ | náalan /naːlan/ | nyānan /njaːnan/ |
| Cent | ngotwak /ŋɡotwak/ | ingodwaak /inɡodwaːk/ | — | mitato mitana /mitato mitana/ | nguedatgua /ŋɡwedatɡwa/ | nkwətaːpóxkə /nkwətaːpoxkə/ | — |
| Bonjour | bozho /boʒo/ | boozhoo /boːʒoː/ | Kwe /kwe/ | kwei /kwej/ | kwai /kwai/ | hé /heː/ | posoh /posoh/ |
| Merci | migwéch /miɡwetʃ/ | miigwech /miːɡʷetʃ/ | Migwech /mɪɡwetʃ/ | mikwetc /mikwetʃ/ | wliwni /wliwni/ | wanìshi /waniʃi/ | wāēwāēnen /waːeːwaːeːnen/ |
| Bon | mno /mno/ | mino /mino/ | mino /mɪnɔ/ | mirwacin /miɾwaʃin/ | wlaha /wlaha/ | weltóok /weltoːk/ | menwāewen /menwaːewen/ |
| Rouge | mskwa /mskwa/ | miskwaa /miskwaː/ | miskwa /miskwa/ | mikwaw /mikwaw/ | mkwi /mkwi/ | maxkeew /maxkeːw/ | mɛhkon /mɛhkon/ |
| Blanc | wabshkya /wabʃkja/ | waabishkaa /waːbiʃkaː/ | wàbà /waːbaː/ | wapaw /wapaw/ | wôbi /wɔ̃bi/ | waapeew /waːpeːw/ | — |
| Vert | skebgya /skʌbkja/ | ozhaawashkwaa /oʒaːwaʃkwaː/ | ozhàwashkwà /ɔʒaːwaʃkwaː/ | ocawackwaw /oʃawaʃkwaw/ | askaskui /askaskwi/ | — | — |
| Bleu | wichapkwa /witʃapkwa/ | ozhaawashkwaa /oʒaːwaʃkwaː/ | — | waseskonaw /waseskonaw/ | wlôwi /wlɔ̃wi/ | — | — |
| Thé | ti /ti/ | aniibiish /aniːbiːʃ/ | — | nipicwapo /nipiʃwapo/ | di /di/ | — | — |
| Café | kapi /kapi/ | makade-mashkikiwaaboo /makade maʃkikiwaːboː/ | — | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | — | — |
| Sucre | zisbakwet /sispakwɪt/ | ziinzibaakwad /ziːnzibaːkwad/ | — | sisipaskot /sisipaskot/ | zogal /zoɡal/ | — | — |
| Orange | anjes /andʒes/ | wezaawiminagizid /wezaːwiminaɡizid/ | — | wapimin ka osawacaket /wapimin ka osawaʃaket/ | wasawas /wasawas/ | — | — |
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