Sesotho sa Leboa
Sotho du Nord
atlantique-congo (Bantou, Sotho-Tswana)
Le sotho du Nord (Sesotho sa Leboa, aussi appelé pedi/sepedi) est l'une des onze langues officielles d'Afrique du Sud, parlée dans le Limpopo, le Gauteng et le Mpumalanga. Une norme écrite unifiée regroupe une trentaine de dialectes étroitement apparentés.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en sotho du Nord
Wi-Fi
sushi
dopamine
Sources
- Sepedi Bibles on bible.com (versions 256 and 124 = the 1951 Bibele; cached ~/langmap-work/r51/scratch/b/bible_nso.tsv); en.wiktionary Northern Sotho lemmas (ngwedi, naledi, tsebe, leino, lerapo, hlano); Ziervogel & Mokgokong 1975, Pukuntšu ye kgolo ya Sesotho sa Leboa (general reference, not consulted this round)
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : atlantique-congo (Bantou, Sotho-Tswana)
| Sens | Sotho du Nord | Tswana | Sotho du Sud | Lozi | Venda | Tsonga | Ndébélé du Sud |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | meetse /meːtse/ | metsi /metsi/ | metsi /metsi/ | mezi /mezi/ | maḓi /mad̪i/ | mati /mati/ | amanzi /amanzi/ |
| Feu | mollo /molːo/ | molelo /moleːlo/ | mollo /molːo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ |
| Soleil | letšatši /letʃatʃi/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | lizazi /lizazi/ | ḓuvha /d̪uvʱa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ |
| Lune | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | khoeli /kʰwɛːli/ | kweli /kweli/ | ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | inyezi /iɲezi/ |
| Étoile | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | naleli /naleli/ | ṋaledzi /n̪aledzi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | ikwekwezi /ikʷekʷezi/ |
| Nuit | bošego /boʃeχo/ | bosigo /bosiχo/ | bosiu /bosiu/ | busihu /busihu/ | vhusiku /vʱusiku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | ubusuku /uɓusuku/ |
| Pluie | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | izulu /izulu/ |
| Neige | lehlwa /leˈɬwa/ | semathana /semaˈtʰana/ | lehloa /lɛˈɬwa/ | litwa /ˈlitwa/ | mahaḓa /mahad̪a/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | iliqhwa /iliǃʰwa/ |
| Vent | phefo /pʰɛfɔ/ | phefo /pʰefɔ/ | moya /mɔja/ | moya /moja/ | muya /muja/ | moya /moja/ | umoya /umoja/ |
| Terre | mobu /moβu/ | mmu /m̩mu/ | mobu /mobu/ | mubu /mubu/ | mavu /mavu/ | misava /misava/ | ihlabathi /iɬaɓatʰi/ |
| Pierre | leswika /leˈswika/ | leje /lɛˈdʒe/ | lejwe /leˈdʒwe/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ | tombo /tombo/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | ilitje /iˈlitʃe/ |
| Montagne | thaba /ˈtʰaba/ | thaba /tʰaba/ | thaba /tʰaba/ | lilundu /lilundu/ | thavha /tʰavʱa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ |
| Mer | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | liwate /liwate/ | lwanzhe /lwanʒe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | ilwandle /ilwandɮe/ |
| Mère | mma /mːa/ | mmê /mːɛ/ | mmè /mːɛ/ | ma /ma/ | mme /mːe/ | manana /manana/ | umma /umma/ |
| Père | tate /tate/ | rrê /rːɛ/ | ntate /ntate/ | ndate /ndate/ | khotsi /kʰotsi/ | tatana /tatana/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ |
| Fille | morwedi /morwedi/ | morwadi /morwadi/ | morali /moɾali/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ | ṅwananyana /ŋʷanaɲana/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | indodakazi /indodakazi/ |
| Je | nna /nna/ | nna /nːa/ | nna /nːa/ | na /na/ | nṋe /n̪ːe/ | mina /mina/ | mina /mina/ |
| Tu | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ |
| Nous | rena /rena/ | rona /rona/ | rona /rona/ | luna /luna/ | riṋe /rin̪e/ | hina /hina/ | thina /tʰina/ |
| Nom | leina /leina/ | leina /leina/ | lebitso /lebitso/ | libizo /libizo/ | dzina /dzina/ | vito /vito/ | ibizo /iɓizo/ |
| Personne | motho /mʊtʰʊ/ | motho /motʰo/ | motho /motʰo/ | mutu /mutu/ | muthu /mutʰu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Tête | hlogo /ɬoχo/ | tlhogo /tɬʰoχo/ | hlooho /ɬoːho/ | toho /toho/ | ṱhoho /t̪ʰoho/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | ihloko /iɬoko/ |
| Œil | leihlo /leiɬo/ | leitlho /leitɬʰo/ | leihlo /leiɬo/ | liito /liːto/ | iṱo /it̪o/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | ilihlo /iliɬo/ |
| Oreille | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | zebe /zebe/ | nḓevhe /n̪d̪evʱe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ |
| Nez | nko /ŋˈko/ | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | ngo /ŋo/ | ningo /niŋo/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | ipumulo /ipuˈmulo/ |
| Bouche | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ |
| Dent | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | liino /liːno/ | iṋo /in̪o/ | tino /tino/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ |
| Langue | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | ilimu /ilimu/ |
| Main | seatla /seatɬa/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | letsoho /letsoho/ | lizoho /lizoho/ | tshanḓa /tʃʰan̪d̪a/ | voko /voko/ | isandla /isandɮa/ |
| Pied | leoto /leoto/ | lonao /lonao/ | leoto /leoto/ | lihutu /liˈhutu/ | mulenzhe /mulenʒe/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | inyawo /iɲawo/ |
| Cœur | pelo /pelo/ | pelo /peːlo/ | pelo /pelo/ | pilu /pilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | ihliziyo /iɬizijo/ |
| Os | lerapo /lerapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | lesapo /lesapo/ | sapo /sapo/ | ḽirambo /l̪irambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ |
| Sang | madi /madi/ | madi /madi/ | mali /mali/ | mali /mali/ | malofha /maloɸa/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | iingazi /iːŋɡazi/ |
| Caca | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | ñanda /ɲanda/ | malaṱwa /malat̪wa/ | — | amasimba /amasimba/ |
| Amour | lerato /lerato/ | lerato /leɾato/ | lerato /leɾato/ | lilato /lilato/ | lufuno /lufuno/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | ithando /itʰando/ |
| Arbre | sehlare /seɬare/ | setlhare /setɬʰaɾe/ | sefate /sefate/ | kota /kota/ | muri /muri/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | umuthi /umutʰi/ |
| Chien | mpša /mpʃa/ | ntša /ntʃa/ | ntja /ntʃa/ | nja /ndʒa/ | mmbwa /mːbwa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | inja /indʒa/ |
| Chat | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | kaze /kaze/ | katse /katse/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | ikati /ikati/ |
| Poisson | hlapi /ɬapi/ | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | tapi /tapi/ | khovhe /kʰovʱe/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | ihlambi /iɬambi/ |
| Oiseau | nonyana /nʊɲana/ | nonyane /nɔˈɲanɛ/ | nonyana /nʊˈɲana/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ | tshiṋoni /tʃiˈn̪oni/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ |
| Papillon | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ | tshisusu /tʃʰisusu/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | iviyaviyani /ivijavijani/ |
| Œuf | lee /leː/ | lee /lɛɛ/ | lehe /lehe/ | lii /liː/ | gumba /ɡumba/ | tandza /tandza/ | iqanda /iǃanda/ |
| Ours | bêrê /bɛrɛ/ | bera /bɛra/ | bere /bɛrɛ/ | bele /bele/ | biara /biara/ | bere /bere/ | ibhere /ibʱere/ |
| Cheval | pere /pere/ | pitse /pitse/ | pere /pere/ | pizi /pizi/ | bere /bere/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | injomani /indʒoˈmani/ |
| Maison | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ndu /ndu/ | nnḓu /n̪d̪u/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ |
| Lait | maswi /maswi/ | mashi /maʃi/ | lebese /lebese/ | mabisi /mabisi/ | mafhi /maɸi/ | masi /masi/ | ibisi /iˈɓisi/ |
| Miel | todi /todi/ | tswina /tswina/ | mahe a dinotshi /mahe a dinotsʰi/ | linosi /linosi/ | mutoli /mutoli/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | iliju /ilidʒu/ |
| Sel | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | lizwai /lizwai/ | muṋo /mun̪o/ | munyu /muɲu/ | itswayi /itswaji/ |
| Vin | beine /beine/ | beine /beine/ | veine /veine/ | waine /waine/ | waini /waini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ |
| Riz | reisi /reisi/ | raese /raese/ | raese /raese/ | laisi /laisi/ | raisi /raisi/ | rhayisi /rajisi/ | ireyisi /irejisi/ |
| Chocolat | tšhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | tshokolete /tsʰokolete/ | tjhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | chocolate | tshokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | chocolate |
| Fer | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshepe /ˈtsʰepe/ | sipi /sipi/ | tsimbi /tsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | isimbi /iˈsimbi/ |
| Roue | leotwana /leoˈtwana/ | leotwana /leotwana/ | lebili /lebili/ | liwili /liwili/ | mulinga /muliŋa/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | ivili /iˈvili/ |
| Soie | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ | siliga /siliɡa/ | silika /silika/ | isilika /isiˈlika/ |
| Livre | puku /puku/ | buka /buka/ | buka /buka/ | buka /buka/ | bugu /buɡu/ | buku /buku/ | incwadi /iŋǀʷadi/ |
| Manger | go ja /χo dʒa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | ho ja /ho dʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ | u ḽa /u l̪a/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ |
| Boire | go nwa /χo nwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | ho noa /ho noa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | u nwa /u nwa/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | ukusela /ukusela/ |
| Dormir | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | ho robala /ho rʊˈbala/ | kulobala /kulobala/ | u eḓela /u eˈd̪ela/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | ukulala /ukulala/ |
| Un | tee /teː/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ | nthihi /ntʰihi/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | nye /ɲe/ |
| Deux | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | peli /peli/ | mbili /mbili/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | kubili /kuɓili/ |
| Trois | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaʀo/ | talu /talu/ | tharu /tʰaru/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ |
| Quatre | nne /nːɛ/ | nne /nːe/ | nne /nːe/ | ne /ne/ | ṋa /n̪a/ | mune /mune/ | kune /kunɛ/ |
| Cinq | hlano /ɬano/ | tlhano /tɬʰano/ | hlano /ɬano/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ | ṱhanu /t̪ʰanu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | ihlanu /iɬanu/ |
| Cent | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | mwanda /mwanda/ | ḓana /d̪ana/ | dzana /dzana/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ |
| Bonjour | dumela /dumɛla/ | dumela /dumeːla/ | dumela /dumɛla/ | lumela /lumela/ | ndaa /ndaː/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | lotjhani /lotʃʰani/ |
| Merci | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | kea leboha /kea leboha/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ | ndo livhuwa /ndo livʱuwa/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | ngiyathokoza /ŋijatʰokoza/ |
| Bon | botse /botse/ | siame /siaːme/ | monate /monate/ | nde /nde/ | zwavhuḓi /zwavʱud̪i/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ |
| Nouveau | mpsha /mpsʰa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | ntjha /ntʃʰa/ | nca /ntʃa/ | ntswa /ntswa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | tjha /tʃʰa/ |
| Rouge | hubedu /hubedu/ | khibidu /kʰibidu/ | khubelu /kʰubelu/ | fubelu /fubelu/ | tswuku /tswuku/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ |
| Blanc | tšhweu /tʃʰwɛu/ | tshweu /tsʰwɛu/ | tšhweu /tsʰweu/ | sweu /sweu/ | tshena /tsʰena/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ |
| Noir | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntšo /ntsʰɔ/ | nsu /nsu/ | ntswu /ntswu/ | ntima /ntima/ | nzima /nzima/ |
| Vert | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | dala /dala/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | hlaza /ɬaːza/ |
| Bleu | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | lutombo /lutombo/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | hlaza /ɬaːza/ |
| Ordinateur | khomphutha /kʰompʰutʰa/ | khomphuta /kʰompʰuta/ | khomputa /kʰomputa/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | khomphyutha /kʰompʰjutʰa/ | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | ikhomphyutha /ikʰompʰjutʰa/ |
| Wifi | Wi-Fi | — | — | — | — | Wi-Fi | — |
| Sushi | sushi | sushi | — | — | — | — | — |
| Thé | teye /teje/ | tee /teː/ | tee /teː/ | tii /tiː/ | tie /tie/ | tiya /tija/ | itiye /iˈtije/ |
| Café | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | ikofi /ikofi/ |
| Sucre | swikiri /swikiri/ | sukiri /sukiri/ | tswekere /tswekere/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | swigiri /swiɡiri/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | itjhukela /itʃʰukela/ |
| Orange | namune /namune/ | namune /namune/ | lamunu /lamunu/ | olenji /olendʒi/ | swiri | lamula /lamula/ | orentji /orentʃi/ |
| 99 | masome a senyane le senyane /masome a seɲane le seɲane/ | masome a robongwe robongwe /masome a roboŋwe roboŋwe/ | mashome a robong a metso e robong /maʃome a ʀoboŋ a metso e ʀoboŋ/ | — | — | makume nkaye nkaye /makume ŋkaje ŋkaje/ | amatjhumi alithoba nethoba /amatʃʰumi alitʰoɓa netʰoɓa/ |
| Dopamine | dopamine | — | — | — | — | dopamine | — |
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