Early Moderne English
Anglais moderne naissant
indo-européen (Germanique, occidental, anglique) · variété historique / masquée
L'anglais moderne naissant (v. 1500-1700) est la reconstruction pédagogique de l'anglais du Premier Folio de Shakespeare (1623), de la Bible du roi Jacques (1611), de Marlowe, Donne, Jonson et Milton. Il se distingue du moyen anglais (enm) par le Grand Changement vocalique (en cours), la perte de la plupart des flexions, l'ordre des mots SVO fixe et la standardisation suivant la presse à imprimer de Caxton (1476). Les reconstructions de la prononciation suivent les travaux de David Crystal sur la Prononciation originale (OP) utilisés par le Shakespeare's Globe Theatre : /aː oː/ longs partiellement décalés, /iː uː/ devenant des diphtongues, état antérieur à la scission FOOT-STRUT (« sun » = /sʊn/), /r/ rhotique dans toutes les positions, /eː/ pour le /iː/ moderne dans « meat/sea ». C'est la forme enseignée dans les salles de classe du monde entier pour lire Shakespeare et la KJV — distincte de tout vernaculaire régional particulier du XVIIe siècle, qui variait énormément entre Londres, les Midlands et le West Country.
Où elle est parlée
87 mots essentiels en anglais moderne naissant
chocolate
bowgh-wawgh
tee
coffee
sugar
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparaison avec les langues de la même famille : indo-européen (Germanique, occidental, anglique)
| Sens | Anglais moderne naissant | Geordie | Anglais du Yorkshire | Anglais irlandais | Anglais écossais | Écossais | Anglais gallois |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | water /ˈwætər/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɑːtəɹ/ | water /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ | watter /ˈwɑtəɹ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Feu | fyre /fəir/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑɪəɹ/ | fire /faɪɹ/ | fire /fəiɹ/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Soleil | sunne /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Lune | moone /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | muin /mɪn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Étoile | star /staːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staɾ/ | starn /stɑrn/ | star /staː/ |
| Nuit | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nəɪt/ | nicht /nɪçt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Pluie | rain /reːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɾeːn/ | rain /ren/ | rain /ren/ | rain /ɾeɪn/ |
| Neige | snow /snoː/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snaw /snɑː/ | snow /snoʊ/ |
| Vent | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪn/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Terre | earth /ɛːrθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːɹθ/ | earth /ɛɹθ/ | yird /jɪrd/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Pierre | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stane /steːn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Montagne | mountaine /ˈməuntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmʌuntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmʌntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Mer | sea /seː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mère | mother /ˈmʊðər/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðəɹ/ | mother /ˈmʌðəɹ/ | mither /ˈmɪðəɹ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Père | father /ˈfɑːðər/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðəɹ/ | father /ˈfaðəɹ/ | faither /ˈfeðəɹ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Fille | daughter /ˈdɔːtər/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɒːtəɹ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtəɹ/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtəɹ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Je | I /əi/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ʌi/ | A /ə/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Tu | thou /ðou/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | ye /ji/ | you /juː/ |
| Nous | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Nom | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Personne | person /ˈpɛrsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːɹsən/ | person /ˈpɛɹsən/ | body /ˈbʌdi/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Tête | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | heid /hid/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Œil | eye /əi/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | ee /iː/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Oreille | ear /eːr/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /iːɹ/ | ear /ir/ | lug /lʌɡ/ | ear /iːə/ |
| Nez | nose /noːz/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noz/ | neb /nɛb/ | nose /noʊz/ |
| Bouche | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mʌuθ/ | mooth /muθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Dent | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tuith /tʏθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Langue | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tung /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Main | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | haund /hɑːnd/ | hand /hand/ |
| Pied | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | fit /fɪt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Cœur | heart /hɛrt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /haɾt/ | hert /hɛɹt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Os | bone /boːn/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boːn/ | bane /beːn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Sang | blood /bluːd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | bluid /blʏd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Caca | turd /tɜːrd/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | keech /kiːtʃ/ | poo /puː/ |
| Amour | loue /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | luve /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Arbre | tree /triː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /triː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Chien | dogge /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dug /dʌɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Chat | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ |
| Poisson | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Oiseau | bird /bɪrd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɝd/ | bird /bɪrd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Papillon | butterfly /ˈbʊtərfləi/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəɹflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəɹflaɪ/ | butterflee /ˈbʌtərfliː/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Œuf | egge /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Ours | bear /beːr/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | beir /biːɹ/ | bear /bɛː/ |
| Cheval | horse /hɔrs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔɹs/ | horse /hɔɾs/ | horse /hɔrs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Maison | house /huːs/ | house /huːs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hʌus/ | hoose /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Lait | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Miel | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | hinnie /ˈhɪni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Sel | salt /salt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɒlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | saut /sɑːt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Vin | wine /wəin/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /wəin/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Riz | rice /rəis/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹəɪs/ | rice /rəis/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Chocolat | chocolate | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɔkəlɪt/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Fer | iron /ˈəirən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɑɪəɹn/ | iron /aɪɹn/ | airn /ɛɹn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Roue | wheel /ʍiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /ʍiːl/ | wheel /ʍiːl/ | wheel /ʍiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Soie | silke /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Livre | booke /buːk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | buik /bjʌk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Manger | eate /eːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Boire | drinke /driŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /drɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Dormir | sleepe /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Un | one /oːn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | ane /en/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Deux | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tˠuː/ | two /tuː/ | twa /twɑː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Trois | three /θriː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θriː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Quatre | four /foːr/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /foːɹ/ | four /foɾ/ | fower /ˈfʌuər/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Cinq | fiue /fəiv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /fəiv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Cent | hundred /ˈhʊndrəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hunner /ˈhʌnər/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ |
| Bonjour | good den /ɡuːd dɛn/ | hello /həˈloː/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /hɛˈloː/ | hello /hɛˈlo/ | hullo /hʌˈlo/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Merci | gramercy /ɡraˈmɛrsi/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Bon | good /ɡʊːd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | guid /ɡɪd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Nouveau | new /nɪu̯/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nɪʊ/ |
| Rouge | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | reid /rid/ | red /ɾɛd/ |
| Blanc | white /ʍəit/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /ʍaɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /ʍəit/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Noir | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Vert | greene /ɡriːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡriːn/ | green /ɡɾiːn/ |
| Bleu | blew /bljuː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blɪʊ/ |
| Coucou | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | gowk /ɡʌuk/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Ouaf | bowgh-wawgh | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | wowff /wʌuf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Cocorico | cockadidle-dowe /kɒk ə ˈdɪdəl doː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cockieleerie | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Ordinateur | computer /kɔmˈpiu̯tər/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtəɾ/ | computer /kəmˈpjutər/ | computer /kəmˈpjutər/ | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ |
| Sushi | stockfish /ˈstɒkfɪʃ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃɪ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃiː/ | sushi /ˈsʉʃi/ | sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Thé | tee | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Café | coffee | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Sucre | sugar | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡəɹ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡəɹ/ | shuggar /ˈʃʌɡər/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Orange | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ |
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